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Majjhima Nikāya 110 Middle Discourses 110Middle Discourses 110
Cūḷapuṇṇamasutta The Shorter Full-Moon Night DiscourseThe Shorter Discourse on the Full-Moon Night
Evaṁ me sutaṁ—I have heard thatSo I have heard.
ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. on one occasion the Blessed One was staying near Sāvatthī in the Eastern Monastery, the palace of Migāra’s mother.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery.
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti. And on that occasion—the uposatha of the fifteenth, the night of a very full moon—he was sitting out in the open with the Saṅgha of monks.Now, at that time it was the sabbath—the full moon on the fifteenth day—and the Buddha was sitting in the open surrounded by the Saṅgha of monks.
Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi: Then, having surveyed the silent Saṅgha of monks, he addressed them:Then the Buddha looked around the Saṅgha of monks, who were so very silent. He addressed them,
“jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisaṁ: “Monks, could a person of no integrity know of a person of no integrity:“Monks, could an untrue person know of an untrue person:
‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti? ‘This is a person of no integrity’?”‘This worthy one is an untrue person’?”
“No hetaṁ, bhante”. “No, lord.”“No, sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; “Good, monks.“Good, monks!
aṭṭhānametaṁ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: It’s impossible, there’s no way, that a person of no integrity would know of a person of no integrity:It’s impossible, it can’t happen, that an untrue person could know of an untrue person:
‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. ‘This is a person of no integrity.’‘This worthy one is an untrue person.’
Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, asappuriso sappurisaṁ: Could a person of no integrity know of a person of integrity:But could an untrue person know of a true person:
‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti? ‘This is a person of integrity’?”‘This worthy one is a true person’?”
“No hetaṁ, bhante”. “No, lord.”“No, sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; “Good, monks.“Good, monks!
etampi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhānaṁ anavakāso yaṁ asappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: It’s impossible, there’s no way, that a person of no integrity would know of a person of integrity:That too is impossible.
‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. ‘This is a person of integrity.’
Asappuriso, bhikkhave, assaddhammasamannāgato hoti, asappurisabhatti hoti, asappurisacintī hoti, asappurisamantī hoti, asappurisavāco hoti, asappurisakammanto hoti, asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti; asappurisadānaṁ deti. A person of no integrity is endowed with qualities of no integrity; he is a person of no integrity in his friendship, in the way he wills, the way he gives advice, the way he speaks, the way he acts, the views he holds, & the way he gives a gift.An untrue person has bad qualities, is devoted to untrue persons, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity endowed with qualities of no integrity?And how does an untrue person have bad qualities?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. There is the case where a person of no integrity is lacking in conviction, lacking in shame, lacking in compunction; he is unlearned, lazy, of muddled mindfulness, & poor discernment.It’s when an untrue person is faithless, shameless, imprudent, unlearned, lazy, unmindful, and witless.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso assaddhammasamannāgato hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is endowed with qualities of no integrity.”That’s how an untrue person has bad qualities.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in his friendship?And how is an untrue person devoted to untrue persons?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā assaddhā ahirikā anottappino appassutā kusītā muṭṭhassatino duppaññā tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. There is the case where a person of no integrity has, as his friends & companions, those contemplatives & brahmans who are lacking in conviction, lacking in shame, lacking in compunction, unlearned, lazy, of muddled mindfulness, & poor discernment.It’s when an untrue person is a friend and companion of ascetics and brahmins who are faithless, shameless, imprudent, unlearned, lazy, unmindful, and witless.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisabhatti hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in his friendship.That’s how an untrue person is devoted to untrue persons.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the way he wills?And how does an untrue person have the intentions of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. There is the case where a person of no integrity wills for his own affliction, or for the affliction of others, or for the affliction of both.It’s when an untrue person intends to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisacintī hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the way he wills.That’s how an untrue person has the intentions of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the way he gives advice?And how does an untrue person offer the counsel of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso attabyābādhāyapi manteti, parabyābādhāyapi manteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi manteti. There is the case where a person of no integrity gives advice for his own affliction, or for the affliction of others, or for the affliction of both.It’s when an untrue person offers counsel that hurts themselves, hurts others, and hurts both.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisamantī hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the way he gives advice.That’s how an untrue person offers the counsel of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the way he speaks?And how does an untrue person have the speech of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti. There is the case where a person of no integrity is one who tells lies, engages in divisive tale-bearing, engages in harsh speech, engages in idle chatter.It’s when an untrue person uses speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, and nonsensical.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisavāco hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the way he speaks.That’s how an untrue person has the speech of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the way he acts?And how does an untrue person have the action of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti. There is the case where a person of no integrity is one who takes life, steals, engages in illicit sex.It’s when an untrue person kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisakammanto hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the way he acts.That’s how an untrue person has the actions of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the views he holds?And how does an untrue person have the view of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṁdiṭṭhi hoti: There is the case where a person of no integrity is one who holds a view like this:It’s when an untrue person has such a view:
‘natthi dinnaṁ, natthi yiṭṭhaṁ, natthi hutaṁ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṁ kammānaṁ phalaṁ vipāko, natthi ayaṁ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā, ye imañca lokaṁ parañca lokaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. ‘There is nothing given, nothing offered, nothing sacrificed. There is no fruit or result of good or bad actions. There is no this world, no next world, no mother, no father, no spontaneously reborn beings; no contemplatives or brahmans who, faring rightly & practicing rightly, proclaim this world & the next after having directly known & realized it for themselves.’‘There’s no meaning in giving, sacrifice, or offerings. There’s no fruit or result of good and bad deeds. There’s no afterlife. There’s no such thing as mother and father, or beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there’s no ascetic or brahmin who is rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describes the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the views he holds.That’s how an untrue person has the view of an untrue person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṁ deti? “And how is a person of no integrity a person of no integrity in the way he gives a gift?And how does an untrue person give the gifts of an untrue person?
Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso asakkaccaṁ dānaṁ deti, asahatthā dānaṁ deti, acittīkatvā dānaṁ deti, apaviṭṭhaṁ dānaṁ deti anāgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṁ deti. There is the case where a person of no integrity gives a gift inattentively, not with his own hand, disrespectfully, as if throwing it away, with the view that nothing will come of it.It’s when an untrue person gives a gift carelessly, not with their own hand, and thoughtlessly. They give the dregs, and they give without consideration for consequences.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, asappuriso asappurisadānaṁ deti. This is how a person of no integrity is a person of no integrity in the way he gives a gift.That’s how an untrue person gives the gifts of an untrue person.
So, bhikkhave, asappuriso evaṁ assaddhammasamannāgato, evaṁ asappurisabhatti, evaṁ asappurisacintī, evaṁ asappurisamantī, evaṁ asappurisavāco, evaṁ asappurisakammanto, evaṁ asappurisadiṭṭhi; This person of no integrity—thus endowed with qualities of no integrity; a person of no integrity in his friendship, in the way he wills, the way he gives advice, the way he speaks, the way he acts, the views he holds, & the way he gives a gift—That untrue person—who has such bad qualities, is devoted to untrue persons, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of an untrue person—
evaṁ asappurisadānaṁ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yā asappurisānaṁ gati tattha upapajjati. on the break-up of the body, after death, reappears in the destination of people of no integrity.when their body breaks up, after death, is reborn in the place where untrue persons are reborn.
Kā ca, bhikkhave, asappurisānaṁ gati? And what is the destination of people of no integrity?And what is the place where untrue persons are reborn?
Nirayo vā tiracchānayoni vā. Hell or the animal womb.Hell or the animal realm.
Jāneyya nu kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisaṁ: “Now, monks, could a person of integrity know of a person of no integrity:Monks, could a true person know of a true person:
‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti? ‘This is a person of no integrity’?”‘This worthy one is a true person’?”
“Evaṁ, bhante”. “Yes, lord.”“Yes, sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; “Good, monks.“Good, monks!
ṭhānametaṁ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṁ sappuriso sappurisaṁ jāneyya: It is possible that a person of integrity would know of a person of no integrity:It is possible that a true person could know of a true person:
‘sappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. ‘This is a person of no integrity.’‘This worthy one is a true person.’
Jāneyya pana, bhikkhave, sappuriso asappurisaṁ: Could a person of integrity know of a person of integrity:But could a true person know of an untrue person:
‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’”ti? ‘This is a person of integrity’?”‘This worthy one is an untrue person’?”
“Evaṁ, bhante”. “Yes, lord.”“Yes, sir.”
“Sādhu, bhikkhave; “Good, monks.“Good, monks!
etampi kho, bhikkhave, ṭhānaṁ vijjati yaṁ sappuriso asappurisaṁ jāneyya: It is possible that a person of integrity would know of a person of integrity:That too is possible.
‘asappuriso ayaṁ bhavan’ti. ‘This is a person of integrity.’
Sappuriso, bhikkhave, saddhammasamannāgato hoti, sappurisabhatti hoti, sappurisacintī hoti, sappurisamantī hoti, sappurisavāco hoti, sappurisakammanto hoti, sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti; A person of integrity is endowed with qualities of integrity; he is a person of integrity in his friendship, in the way he wills, the way he gives advice, the way he speaks, the way he acts, the views he holds, &A true person has good qualities, is devoted to true persons, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a true person.
sappurisadānaṁ deti. the way he gives a gift.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti? “And how is a person of integrity endowed with qualities of integrity?And how does a true person have good qualities?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. There is the case where a person of integrity is endowed with conviction, shame, compunction; he is learned, with aroused persistence, unmuddled mindfulness, & good discernment.It’s when a true person is faithful, conscientious, prudent, learned, energetic, mindful, and wise.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso saddhammasamannāgato hoti. This is how a person of integrity is endowed with qualities of integrity.”That’s how a true person has good qualities.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in his friendship?And how is a true person devoted to true persons?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappurisassa ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhā hirimanto ottappino bahussutā āraddhavīriyā upaṭṭhitassatino paññavanto tyāssa mittā honti, te sahāyā. There is the case where a person of integrity has, as his friends & companions, those contemplatives & brahmans who are endowed with conviction, shame, compunction; who are learned, with aroused persistence, unmuddled mindfulness, & good discernment.It’s when a true person is a friend and companion of ascetics and brahmins who are faithful, conscientious, prudent, learned, energetic, mindful, and wise.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisabhatti hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in his friendship.That’s how a true person is devoted to true persons.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the way he wills?And how does a true person have the intentions of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. There is the case where a person of integrity wills neither for his own affliction, nor for the affliction of others, nor for the affliction of both.It’s when a true person doesn’t intend to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisacintī hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the way he wills.That’s how a true person has the intentions of a true person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the way he gives advice?And how does a true person offer the counsel of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso nevattabyābādhāya manteti, na parabyābādhāya manteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya manteti. There is the case where a person of integrity gives advice neither for his own affliction, nor for the affliction of others, nor for the affliction of both.It’s when a true person offers counsel that doesn’t hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisamantī hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the way he gives advice.That’s how a true person offers the counsel of a true person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the way he speaks?And how does a true person have the speech of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti. There is the case where a person of integrity is one who refrains from lies, refrains from divisive tale-bearing, refrains from harsh speech, refrains from idle chatter.It’s when a true person refrains from speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisavāco hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the way he speaks.That’s how a true person has the speech of a true person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the way he acts?And how does a true person have the action of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti. There is the case where a person of integrity is one who refrains from taking life, refrains from stealing, refrains from illicit sex.It’s when a true person refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisakammanto hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the way he acts.That’s how a true person has the action of a true person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the views he holds?And how does a true person have the view of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṁdiṭṭhi hoti: There is the case where a person of integrity is one who holds a view like this:It’s when a true person has such a view:
‘atthi dinnaṁ, atthi yiṭṭhaṁ, atthi hutaṁ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṁ kammānaṁ phalaṁ vipāko, atthi ayaṁ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṁ parañca lokaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. ‘There is what is given, what is offered, what is sacrificed. There are fruits & results of good & bad actions. There is this world & the next world. There is mother & father. There are spontaneously reborn beings; there are contemplatives & brahmans who, faring rightly & practicing rightly, proclaim this world & the next after having directly known & realized it for themselves.’‘There is meaning in giving, sacrifice, and offerings. There are fruits and results of good and bad deeds. There is an afterlife. There are such things as mother and father, and beings that are reborn spontaneously. And there are ascetics and brahmins who are rightly comported and rightly practiced, and who describe the afterlife after realizing it with their own insight.’
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the views he holds.That’s how a true person has the view of a true person.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṁ deti? “And how is a person of integrity a person of integrity in the way he gives a gift?And how does a true person give the gifts of a true person?
Idha, bhikkhave, sappuriso sakkaccaṁ dānaṁ deti, sahatthā dānaṁ deti, cittīkatvā dānaṁ deti, anapaviṭṭhaṁ dānaṁ deti, āgamanadiṭṭhiko dānaṁ deti. There is the case where a person of integrity gives a gift attentively, with his own hand, respectfully, not as if throwing it away, with the view that something will come of it.It’s when a true person gives a gift carefully, with their own hand, and thoughtfully. They don’t give the dregs, and they give with consideration for consequences.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso sappurisadānaṁ deti. This is how a person of integrity is a person of integrity in the way he gives a gift.That’s how a true person gives the gifts of a true person.
So, bhikkhave, sappuriso evaṁ saddhammasamannāgato, evaṁ sappurisabhatti, evaṁ sappurisacintī, evaṁ sappurisamantī, evaṁ sappurisavāco, evaṁ sappurisakammanto, evaṁ sappurisadiṭṭhi; This person of integrity—thus endowed with qualities of integrity; a person of integrity in his friendship, in the way he wills, the way he gives advice, the way he speaks, the way he acts, the views he holds, & the way he gives a gift—That true person—who has such good qualities, is devoted to true persons, and has the intentions, counsel, speech, actions, views, and giving of a true person—
evaṁ sappurisadānaṁ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā yā sappurisānaṁ gati tattha upapajjati. on the break-up of the body, after death, reappears in the destination of people of integrity.when their body breaks up, after death, is reborn in the place where true persons are reborn.
Kā ca, bhikkhave, sappurisānaṁ gati? And what is the destination of people of integrity?And what is the place where true persons are reborn?
Devamahattatā vā manussamahattatā vā”ti. Greatness among devas or among human beings.”A state of greatness among gods or humans.”
Idamavoca bhagavā. That is what the Blessed One said.That is what the Buddha said.
Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti. Gratified, the monks delighted in the Blessed One’s words.Satisfied, the monks approved what the Buddha said.
Cūḷapuṇṇamasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
Devadahavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo.
Tassuddānaṁ
Devadahaṁ pañcattayaṁ,
Kinti sāma sunakkhattaṁ;
Sappāya gaṇa gopaka—
Mahāpuṇṇa cūḷapuṇṇañcāti.