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54. Pavāritasikkhāpada

The training rule on inviting

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro brāhmaṇo bhikkhuniyo nimantetvā bhojesi.
a certain brahmin had invited the nuns for a meal.

Bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā ñātikulāni gantvā ekaccā bhuñjiṁsu ekaccā piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsu.
When the nuns had finished and refused an invitation to eat more, they went to their respective families, where some ate and others got almsfood and left.

Atha kho so brāhmaṇo paṭivissake etadavoca—
Soon afterwards that brahmin said this to his neighbors,

“bhikkhuniyo mayā, ayyā, santappitā, etha tumhepi santappessāmī”ti.
“I have satisfied the nuns. Come, and I’ll satisfy you, too.”

Te evamāhaṁsu—

“kiṁ tvaṁ, ayyo, amhe santappessasi.
“How could you satisfy us?

Yāpi tayā nimantitā tāpi amhākaṁ gharāni āgantvā ekaccā bhuñjiṁsu ekaccā piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsū”ti.
Those nuns who were invited by you came to our houses, where some ate and others got almsfood and left.”

Atha kho so brāhmaṇo ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—
That brahmin complained and criticized those nuns,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo amhākaṁ ghare bhuñjitvā aññatra bhuñjissanti, na cāhaṁ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṁ dātun”ti.
“How could they eat in our house and afterwards eat elsewhere? Am I not able to give them as much as they want?”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhuniyo tassa brāhmaṇassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa.
The nuns heard the complaints of that brahmin,

Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the nuns of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissantī”ti …pe…
“How could nuns finish their meal, refuse an invitation to eat more, and then eat elsewhere?” …

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjantī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that nuns did this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissanti.
“How could nuns act in this way?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—
“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:

“Yā pana bhikkhunī nimantitā vā pavāritā vā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a nun, who has been invited to a meal, refuses an invitation to eat more, and then eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yā panāti
A:

yā yādisā …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhunīti
Nun:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
… The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.

Nimantitā nāma
Refuses an offer to eat more:

pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantitā.
refuses an offer to eat any of the five cooked foods.

Pavāritā nāma
Refuses an invitation to eat more:

asanaṁ paññāyati, bhojanaṁ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhitā abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati.
eating is seen, cooked food is seen, it is brought forward within arm’s reach, a refusal is seen.

Khādanīyaṁ nāma
Fresh food:

pañca bhojanāni yāguṁ yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā
apart from the five cooked foods, congee, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics,

avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
the rest is called “fresh food”.

Bhojanīyaṁ nāma
Cooked food:

pañca bhojanāni—odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.
there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.

“Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If she receives it with the intention of eating it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
For every mouthful, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Nimantite nimantitasaññā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If she has refused an offer, and she perceives that she has, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Nimantite vematikā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If she has refused an offer, but she is unsure of it, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Nimantite animantitasaññā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If she has refused an offer, but she does not perceive that she has, and she eats fresh or cooked food, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If she receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa …pe….
For every mouthful, she commits an offense of wrong conduct. …

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

nimantitā appavāritā,
if she has refused an offer to eat more, but not an invitation;

yāguṁ pivati,
if she drinks congee;

sāmike apaloketvā bhuñjati,
if she eats more after getting permission from the person who invited her;

yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati,
if, when there is a reason, she uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics;

ummattikāya,
if she is insane;

ādikammikāyāti.
if she is the first offender.

Catutthasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
The fourth training rule is finished.