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1. Kathinasikkhāpada

The training rule on the robe season

Ime kho panāyasmanto tiṁsa nissaggiyā pācittiyā dhammā uddesaṁ āgacchanti.
Venerables, these thirty rules on relinquishment and confession come up for recitation.

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati gotamake cetiye.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Vesālī at the Gotamaka Shrine,

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ ticīvaraṁ anuññātaṁ hoti.
he allowed the three robes for the monks.

Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū—“bhagavatā ticīvaraṁ anuññātan”ti aññeneva ticīvarena gāmaṁ pavisanti, aññena ticīvarena ārāme acchanti, aññena ticīvarena nahānaṁ otaranti.
When they heard about this, the monks from the group of six went to the village in one set of three robes, stayed in the monastery in another set, and went to bathe in yet another set.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atirekacīvaraṁ dhāressantī”ti.
“How can the monks from the group of six keep extra robes?”

Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, atirekacīvaraṁ dhārethā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, atirekacīvaraṁ dhāressatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu atirekacīvaraṁ dhāreyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk keeps an extra robe, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa atirekacīvaraṁ uppannaṁ hoti.
Soon afterwards Venerable Ānanda was given an extra robe.

Āyasmā ca ānando taṁ cīvaraṁ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo hoti.
He wanted to give it to Venerable Sāriputta

Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati.
who was staying at Sāketa.

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi—
Knowing that the Buddha had laid down a rule against having extra robes, Ānanda thought,

“bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ—

‘na atirekacīvaraṁ dhāretabban’ti.

Idañca me atirekacīvaraṁ uppannaṁ.

Ahañcimaṁ cīvaraṁ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo.

Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati.

Kathaṁ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti?
“What should I do now?”

Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
He told the Buddha, who said,

“Kīvaciraṁ panānanda, sāriputto āgacchissatī”ti?
“How long is it, Ānanda, before Sāriputta returns?”

“Navamaṁ vā, bhagavā, divasaṁ dasamaṁ vā”ti.
“Nine or ten days.”

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dasāhaparamaṁ atirekacīvaraṁ dhāretuṁ.
“Monks, you should keep an extra robe for ten days at the most.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṁ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṁ kathine dasāhaparamaṁ atirekacīvaraṁ dhāretabbaṁ. Taṁ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
‘When his robe is finished and the robe season has ended, a monk should keep an extra robe for ten days at the most. If he keeps it longer than that, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Niṭṭhitacīvarasminti
When his robe is finished:

bhikkhuno cīvaraṁ kataṁ vā hoti naṭṭhaṁ vā vinaṭṭhaṁ vā daḍḍhaṁ vā cīvarāsā vā upacchinnā.
the monk has made a robe; or the robe-cloth has been lost, destroyed, or burned; or his expectation of receiving further robe-cloth is disappointed.

Ubbhatasmiṁ kathineti
The robe season has ended:

aṭṭhannaṁ mātikānaṁ aññatarāya mātikāya ubbhataṁ hoti, saṅghena vā antarā ubbhataṁ hoti.
it has ended according to one of the eight key phrases or the Sangha has ended it.

Dasāhaparamanti
For ten days at the most:

dasāhaparamatā dhāretabbaṁ.
it should be kept ten days at a maximum.

Atirekacīvaraṁ nāma
An extra robe:

anadhiṭṭhitaṁ avikappitaṁ.
it has not been determined nor assigned to another.

Cīvaraṁ nāma
Robe:

channaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ, vikappanupagaṁ pacchimaṁ.
one of the six kinds of robe-cloth, but not smaller than what can be assigned to another.

Taṁ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṁ hotīti
If he keeps it longer than that, it becomes subject to relinquishment:

ekādase aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṁ hoti.
it becomes subject to relinquishment at dawn on the eleventh day.

Nissajjitabbaṁ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā.
The robe-cloth should be relinquished to a sangha, a group, or an individual.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ.
“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this.

Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

“idaṁ me, bhante, cīvaraṁ dasāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ,
‘Venerables, this robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to the Sangha.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.
The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ—
The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:

“Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
‘Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Idaṁ cīvaraṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṁ saṅghassa nissaṭṭhaṁ.
This robe-cloth, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to the Sangha.

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho imaṁ cīvaraṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā”ti.
If the Sangha is ready, it should give this robe-cloth back to monk so-and-so.’

Tena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā—
Or: after approaching several monks, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

“idaṁ me, bhante, cīvaraṁ dasāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ.
‘Venerables, this robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ āyasmantānaṁ nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to you.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.
The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ—
The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:

“Suṇantu me āyasmantā.
‘Please, Venerables, I ask you to listen.

Idaṁ cīvaraṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṁ āyasmantānaṁ nissaṭṭhaṁ.
This robe-cloth, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to you.

Yadāyasmantānaṁ pattakallaṁ, āyasmantā imaṁ cīvaraṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyun”ti.
If the Venerables are ready, you should give this robe-cloth back to monk so-and-so.’

Tena bhikkhunā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
Or: after approaching a single monk, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

“idaṁ me, āvuso, cīvaraṁ dasāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ.
‘This robe-cloth, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to you.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Tena bhikkhunā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.
The confession should be received by that monk.

Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṁ dātabbaṁ—
The relinquished robe-cloth is then to be given back:

“imaṁ cīvaraṁ āyasmato dammī”ti.
‘I give this robe-cloth back to you.’”

Dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days and he perceives it as more, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Dasāhātikkante vematiko, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been determined, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avikappite vikappitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been assigned to another, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avissajjite vissajjitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been given away, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been lost, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been destroyed, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been burned, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been stolen, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Nissaggiyaṁ cīvaraṁ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he uses robe-cloth that should be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than ten days, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is less than ten days and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

antodasāhaṁ adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṁ gaṇhanti,
if within ten days it has been determined, assigned to another, given away, lost, destroyed, burned, stolen, or taken on trust;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissaṭṭhacīvaraṁ na denti.
Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six did not give back relinquished robe-cloth.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.

(…) “Na, bhikkhave, nissaṭṭhacīvaraṁ na dātabbaṁ.
“Monks, relinquished robe-cloth should be given back.

Yo na dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.
If you don’t give it back, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

Kathinasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.
The training rule on the robe season, the first, is finished.