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29. Sāsaṅkasikkhāpada

The training rule on what is risky

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vutthavassā āraññakesu senāsanesu viharanti.
At that time monks who had completed the rainy-season residence were staying in wilderness dwellings.

Kattikacorakā bhikkhū—
Thieves who were active during the month of Kattika attacked those monks, thinking,

“laddhalābhā”ti paripātenti.
“They have been given things.”

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
The monks told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitun”ti.
“Monks, I allow monks who are staying in wilderness dwellings to store one of their three robes in an inhabited area.”

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū—“bhagavatā anuññātaṁ āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitun”ti tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṁ vippavasanti.
When they heard about this, monks stored one of their three robes in inhabited areas, staying apart from them for more than six days.

Tāni cīvarāni nassantipi vinassantipi ḍayhantipi undūrehipi khajjanti.
The robes were lost, destroyed, burned, and eaten by rats.

Bhikkhū duccoḷā honti lūkhacīvarā.
As a consequence, those monks became poorly dressed.

Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu—
Other monks asked them why,

“kissa tumhe, āvuso, duccoḷā lūkhacīvarā”ti?

Atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
and they told them what had happened.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhū tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṁ vippavasissantī”ti.
“How could those monks store one of their three robes in an inhabited area and then stay apart from it for more than six days?”

Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṁ vippavasantī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that there are monks who do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṁ vippavasissanti.
“Monks, how could those foolish men do this?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Upavassaṁ kho pana kattikapuṇṇamaṁ yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsaṅkasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni tathārūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto ākaṅkhamāno tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ antaraghare nikkhipeyya, siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo tena cīvarena vippavāsāya.
‘There are wilderness dwellings that are considered risky and dangerous. After observing the Kattika full moon that ends the rainy season, a monk who is staying in such a dwelling may, if he so desires, store one of his three robes in an inhabited area so long as he has a reason for staying apart from that robe.

Chārattaparamaṁ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbaṁ. Tato ce uttari vippavaseyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
He should stay apart from that robe for six days at the most. If he stays apart from it longer than that, except if the monks have agreed, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Upavassaṁ kho panāti
After observing:

vuṭṭhavassānaṁ.
after completing the rainy season.

Kattikapuṇṇamanti
The Kattika full moon that ends the rainy season:

kattikacātumāsinī vuccati.
the fourth full moon of the rainy season in the month of Kattika is what is meant.

Yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanānīti
There are wilderness dwellings:

āraññakaṁ nāma senāsanaṁ
a wilderness dwelling:

pañcadhanusatikaṁ pacchimaṁ.
it is at least 800 meters away from any inhabited area.

Sāsaṅkaṁ nāma
Risky:

ārāme ārāmūpacāre corānaṁ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.
in the monastery, or in the vicinity of the monastery, thieves have been seen camping, eating, standing, sitting, or lying down.

Sappaṭibhayaṁ nāma
Dangerous:

ārāme ārāmūpacāre corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti.
in the monastery, or in the vicinity of the monastery, thieves have been seen injuring, robbing, or beating people.

Tathārūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharantoti
A monk who is staying in such a dwelling:

evarūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto.
a monk who is staying in that kind of dwelling.

Ākaṅkhamānoti
If he so desires:

icchamāno.
if he so wishes.

Tiṇṇaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaranti
One of his three robes:

saṅghāṭiṁ vā uttarāsaṅgaṁ vā antaravāsakaṁ vā.
the outer robe, the upper robe, or the sarong.

Antaraghare nikkhipeyyāti
May store in an inhabited area:

samantā gocaragāme nikkhipeyya.
may store it anywhere in his alms village.

Siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo tena cīvarena vippavāsāyāti
So long as he has a reason for staying apart from that robe:

siyā paccayo siyā karaṇīyaṁ.
if there is a reason, if there is something to be done.

Chārattaparamaṁ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbanti
He should stay apart from that robe for six days at the most:

chārattaparamatā vippavasitabbaṁ.
he should stay apart from it for six days at a maximum.

Aññatra bhikkhusammutiyāti
Except if the monks have agreed:

ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṁ.
unless the monks have agreed.

Tato ce uttari vippavaseyyāti
If he stays apart from it longer than that:

sattame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṁ hoti.
the robe becomes subject to relinquishment at dawn on the seventh day.

Nissajjitabbaṁ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā.
The robe should be relinquished to a sangha, a group, or an individual.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ.
“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this.

…pe…
(To be expanded as in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/pli-tv-bu-vb-np1/en/brahmali#3.2.5'>Bu Np 1:3.2.5</a>–3.2.29, with appropriate substitutions.)

idaṁ me, bhante, cīvaraṁ atirekachārattaṁ vippavutthaṁ, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ.
‘Venerables, this robe, which I have stayed apart from for more than six days without the agreement of the monks, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti …pe…
I relinquish it to the Sangha.’ …

dadeyyāti …pe…
the Sangha should give …

dadeyyunti …pe…
you should give …

āyasmato dammīti.
‘I give this robe back to you.’”

Atirekachāratte atirekasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than six days and he perceives it as more, and he is staying apart from it, then, except if the monks have agreed, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Atirekachāratte vematiko vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than six days, but he is unsure of it, and he is staying apart from it, then, except if the monks have agreed, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Atirekachāratte ūnakasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than six days, but he perceives it as less, and he is staying apart from it, then, except if the monks have agreed, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Appaccuddhaṭe paccuddhaṭasaññī …pe…
If the determination has not been given up, but he perceives that it has …

avissajjite vissajjitasaññī …
If it has not been given away, but he perceives that it has …

anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī …
If it has not been lost, but he perceives that it has …

avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī …
If it has not been destroyed, but he perceives that it has …

adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī …
If it has not been burned, but he perceives that it has …

avilutte viluttasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been stolen, but he perceives that it has, and he is staying apart from it, then, except if the monks have agreed, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Nissaggiyaṁ cīvaraṁ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he uses a robe that should be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ūnakachāratte atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than six days, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ūnakachāratte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than six days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ūnakachāratte ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is less than six days and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

chārattaṁ vippavasati,
if he stays apart from the robe for six days;

ūnakachārattaṁ vippavasati,
if he stays apart from the robe for less than six days;

chārattaṁ vippavasitvā puna gāmasīmaṁ okkamitvā vasitvā pakkamati,
if, after staying apart from it for six days, he stays overnight within the village zone and then leaves;

antochārattaṁ paccuddharati, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṁ gaṇhanti,
if within the six days he gives up the determination, or the robe has been given away, lost, destroyed, burned, stolen, or taken on trust;

bhikkhusammutiyā,
if he has the permission of the monks;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Sāsaṅkasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.
The training rule on what is risky, the ninth, is finished.