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33. Paramparabhojanasikkhāpada

The training rule on eating a meal before another

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ.
At one time the Buddha was staying in the hall with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī.

Tena kho pana samayena vesāliyaṁ paṇītānaṁ bhattānaṁ bhattapaṭipāṭi adhiṭṭhitā hoti.
At that time a succession of fine meals had been arranged in Vesālī.

Atha kho aññatarassa daliddassa kammakārassa etadahosi—“na kho idaṁ orakaṁ bhavissati yathayime manussā sakkaccaṁ bhattaṁ karonti; yannūnāhampi bhattaṁ kareyyan”ti.
A certain poor worker thought, “Why don’t I prepare a meal? It must be really worthwhile, seeing as these people prepare a meal with such respect.”

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena kirapatiko tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ kirapatikaṁ etadavoca—“icchāmahaṁ, ayyaputta, buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa bhattaṁ kātuṁ.
He then went to his boss Kira and said, “Sir, I wish to prepare a meal for the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha.

Dehi me vetanan”ti.
Please give me my salary.”

Sopi kho kirapatiko saddho hoti pasanno.
Because Kira also had faith and confidence,

Atha kho so kirapatiko tassa daliddassa kammakārassa abbhātirekaṁ vetanaṁ adāsi.
he gave the worker his salary and much extra.

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—
Soon afterwards that worker went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and said,

“adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti.
“Sir, please accept a meal from me tomorrow together with the Sangha of monks.”

“Mahā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho, jānāhī”ti.
“The Sangha is large.”

“Hotu, bhante, mahā bhikkhusaṅgho.
“No problem!

Bahū me badarā paṭiyattā badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī”ti.
I’ve prepared much jujube, supplemented with jujube drinks.”

Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
The Buddha consented by remaining silent, and the worker understood.

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi.
He got up from his seat, circumambulated the Buddha with his right side toward him, and left.

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū—“daliddena kira kammakārena svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito, badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī”ti.
The monks heard that a poor worker had invited the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha on the following day for a meal supplemented with jujube drinks.

Te kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjiṁsu.
And so they ate in the morning after walking for alms.

Assosuṁ kho manussā—“daliddena kira kammakārena buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito”ti. Te daliddassa kammakārassa pahūtaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ abhihariṁsu.
When people heard that a poor worker had invited the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha for a meal, they brought much food of various kinds to him.

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesi—“kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti.
The following morning that worker prepared his food, and then had the Buddha informed that the meal was ready.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena tassa daliddassa kammakārassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena.
The Buddha robed up, took his bowl and robe and, together with the Sangha of monks, went to the house of that poor worker where he sat down on the prepared seat in the dining hall.

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhattagge bhikkhū parivisati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu—
The worker served the monks, but they kept saying,

“thokaṁ, āvuso, dehi. Thokaṁ, āvuso, dehī”ti.
“Give just a little.”

“Mā kho tumhe, bhante, ‘ayaṁ daliddo kammakāro’ti thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhittha.
“Venerables, don’t accept so little because you think I’m just a poor worker.

Pahūtaṁ me khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyattaṁ.
I’ve prepared much food of various kinds.

Paṭiggaṇhatha, bhante, yāvadatthan”ti.
Please accept as much as you like.”

“Na kho mayaṁ, āvuso, etaṅkāraṇā thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhāma.
“We’re not accepting so little because of that,

Api ca, mayaṁ kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjimhā; tena mayaṁ thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhāmā”ti.
but because we ate in the morning after walking for alms.”

Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—
That poor worker complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma bhadantā mayā nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti.
“How could the venerables eat elsewhere when invited by me?

Na cāhaṁ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṁ dātun”ti?
Am I not able to give as much as they need?”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tassa daliddassa kammakārassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa.
The monks heard the complaints of that worker,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissantī”ti …pe…
“How could those monks eat elsewhere when invited for a meal?” …

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjantī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that monks did this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti.
“How could those foolish men do this?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk eats a meal before another, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.
Soon afterwards a certain monk became sick.

Aññataro bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—“bhuñjāhi, āvuso”ti.
Another monk took some almsfood, went to that monk, and told him to eat it.

“Alaṁ, āvuso, atthi me bhattapaccāsā”ti.
“I can’t. I’m expecting another meal.”

Tassa bhikkhuno piṇḍapāto ussūre āharīyittha. So bhikkhu na cittarūpaṁ bhuñji.
But since that almsfood only arrived at midday, that monk did not get to eat as much as he had intended.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow a sick monk to eat a meal before another.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
This is the appropriate occasion: he is sick.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvaradānasamaye sacīvarabhattaṁ paṭiyādetvā bhikkhū nimantenti—“bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā”ti.
Soon afterwards, during the robe-giving season, people prepared a meal together with robe-cloth and then invited the monks, saying, “We wish to offer a meal and give robe-cloth.”

Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti—“paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā paramparabhojanan”ti.
But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating a meal before another and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept.

Cīvaraṁ parittaṁ uppajjati.
As a result, they only got a small amount of robe-cloth.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another during the robe-giving season.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvarakārake bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti.
Soon afterwards people invited the robe-making monks for a meal.

Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti—“paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā paramparabhojanan”ti.
But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating a meal before another and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another at a time when you are making robes.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataraṁ kulaṁ tenupasaṅkami;
Soon afterwards, after robing up in the morning, the Buddha took his bowl and robe and went to a certain family with Venerable Ānanda as his attendant.

upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho te manussā bhagavato ca āyasmato ca ānandassa bhojanaṁ adaṁsu.
He sat down on the prepared seat, and the people there gave cooked food.

Āyasmā ānando kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggaṇhāti.
Being afraid of wrongdoing, Ānanda did not accept it.

“Gaṇhāhi, ānandā”ti.
The Buddha said, “Accept it, Ānanda.”

“Alaṁ, bhagavā, atthi me bhattapaccāsā”ti.
“I can’t, Sir, I’m expecting another meal.”

“Tenahānanda, vikappetvā gaṇhāhī”ti.
“Well then, Ānanda, assign that meal to someone else and then receive this.”

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—“
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vikappetvā paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another if you assign the other meal to someone else.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, vikappetabbaṁ—‘mayhaṁ bhattapaccāsaṁ itthannāmassa dammī’”ti.
And, monks, this is how it should be assigned: ‘I give my expected meal to so-and-so.’”

Paramparabhojanaṁ nāma
Eats a meal before another:

pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito, taṁ ṭhapetvā aññaṁ pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññataraṁ bhojanaṁ bhuñjati, etaṁ paramparabhojanaṁ nāma.
if he has been invited to eat any of the five cooked foods, and he then eats any of the five cooked foods elsewhere—this is called “eats a meal before another”.

Aññatra samayāti
Except on an appropriate occasion:

ṭhapetvā samayaṁ.
unless it is an appropriate occasion.

Gilānasamayo nāma
He is sick:

na sakkoti ekāsane nisinno yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjituṁ. “Gilānasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
if he is not able to eat as much as he needs in one sitting, he may eat a meal before another.

Cīvaradānasamayo nāma
It is the robe-giving season:

anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā. “Cīvaradānasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
if he has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat a meal before another during the last month of the rainy season. If he has participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat a meal before another during the five month period.

Cīvarakārasamayo nāma
It is a time of making robes:

cīvare kayiramāne. “Cīvarakārasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
when he is making robes, he may eat a meal before another.

“Aññatra samayā bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he receives food with the intention of eating it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Paramparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a meal before another, and he perceives it as such, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Paramparabhojane vematiko, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a meal before another, but he is unsure of it, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Paramparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a meal before another, but he does not perceive it as such, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Naparamparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not a meal before another, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Naparamparabhojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not a meal before another, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Naparamparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is not a meal before another, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

samaye,
if it is an appropriate occasion;

vikappetvā bhuñjati,
if he assigns his other meal to someone else and then eats;

dve tayo nimantane ekato bhuñjati,
if he eats the food from two or three invitational meals together;

nimantanapaṭipāṭiyā bhuñjati,
if he eats the meals in the same order that the invitations were received;

sakalena gāmena nimantito tasmiṁ gāme yattha katthaci bhuñjati,
if he is invited by a whole village and he eats anywhere in that village;

sakalena pūgena nimantito tasmiṁ pūge yattha katthaci bhuñjati,
if he is invited by a whole association and he eats anywhere that belongs to that association;

nimantiyamāno bhikkhaṁ gahessāmīti bhaṇati,
if, when being invited, he says, “I’ll get almsfood;”

niccabhatte,
if it is a regular meal invitation;

salākabhatte,
if it is a meal for which lots are drawn;

pakkhike,
if it is a half-monthly meal;

uposathike,
if it is on the observance day;

pāṭipadike,
if it is on the day after the observance day;

pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti,
if it is anything apart from the five cooked foods;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Paramparabhojanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.
The training rule on eating a meal before another, the third, is finished.