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37. Vikālabhojanasikkhāpada

The training rule on eating at the wrong time

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary.

Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe giraggasamajjo hoti.
At that time in Rājagaha there was a hilltop fair,

Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū giraggasamajjaṁ dassanāya agamaṁsu.
which the monks from the group of seventeen went to see.

Manussā sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū passitvā nahāpetvā vilimpetvā bhojetvā khādanīyaṁ adaṁsu.
When people saw the monks, they bathed them, anointed them, fed them cooked food, and gave them fresh food.

Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū khādanīyaṁ ādāya ārāmaṁ gantvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—
They took that food and brought it back to the monastery. And they said to the monks from the group of six,

“gaṇhāthāvuso, khādanīyaṁ khādathā”ti.
“Help yourselves!”

“Kuto tumhehi, āvuso, khādanīyaṁ laddhan”ti?
“But where did you get this food?”

Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
And they told them what had happened.

“Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjathā”ti?
“So, do you eat at the wrong time?”

“Evamāvuso”ti.
“Yes.”

Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks from the group of six complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissantī”ti.
“How can those monks from the group of seventeen eat at the wrong time?”

Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the monks,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissantī”ti …pe…
“How can the monks from the group of seventeen eat at the wrong time?” …

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjathā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu vikāle khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk eats fresh or cooked food at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Vikālo nāma
At the wrong time:

majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruṇuggamanā.
when the middle of the day has passed, until dawn.

Khādanīyaṁ nāma
Fresh food:

pañca bhojanāni—yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
apart from the five cooked foods, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics—the rest is called “fresh food”.

Bhojanīyaṁ nāma
Cooked food:

pañca bhojanāni—odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.
there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.

“Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Vikāle vikālasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, and he perceives it as such, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Vikāle vematiko khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he is unsure of it, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Vikāle kālasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he perceives it as the right time, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa.
For every mouthful, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Kāle vikālasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he perceives it as the wrong time, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is the right time, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati,
if, when there is a reason, he uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Vikālabhojanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ.
The training rule on eating at the wrong time, the seventh, is finished.