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39. Paṇītabhojanasikkhāpada

The training rule on fine foods

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjanti.
the monks from the group of six were eating fine foods that they had requested for themselves.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
People complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissanti.
“How can the Sakyan monastics eat fine foods that they have requested for themselves?

Kassa sampannaṁ na manāpaṁ, kassa sāduṁ na ruccatī”ti.
Who doesn’t like nice food? Who doesn’t prefer tasty food?”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissantī”ti …pe…
“How can the monks from the group of six eat fine foods that they have requested for themselves?” …

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjathā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yāni kho pana tāni paṇītabhojanāni, seyyathidaṁ— sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ maccho maṁsaṁ khīraṁ dadhi. Yo pana bhikkhu evarūpāni paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk asks for any of these kinds of fine foods for himself—that is, ghee, butter, oil, honey, syrup, fish, meat, milk, and curd—and then eats it, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti.
At one time a number of monks were sick.

Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—
The monks who were looking after them asked,

“kaccāvuso, khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyan”ti?
“I hope you’re bearing up? I hope you’re getting better?”

“Pubbe mayaṁ, āvuso, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjāma, tena no phāsu hoti;
“Previously we ate fine foods that we had requested ourselves, and then we were comfortable.

idāni pana ‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittan’ti kukkuccāyantā na viññāpema, tena no na phāsu hotī”ti.
But now that the Buddha has prohibited this, we don’t request because we’re afraid of wrongdoing. And because of that we’re not comfortable.”

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow a sick monk to eat fine foods that he has requested for himself.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yāni kho pana tāni paṇītabhojanāni, seyyathidaṁ— sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ maccho maṁsaṁ khīraṁ dadhi. Yo pana bhikkhu evarūpāni paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk who is not sick asks for any of these kinds of fine foods for himself—that is, ghee, butter, oil, honey, syrup, fish, meat, milk, and curd—and then eats it, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yāni kho pana tāni paṇītabhojanānīti
These kinds of fine foods:

sappi nāma
Ghee:

gosappi vā ajikāsappi vā mahiṁsasappi vā, yesaṁ maṁsaṁ kappati tesaṁ sappi.
ghee from cows, ghee from goats, ghee from buffaloes, or ghee from whatever animal whose meat is allowable.

Navanītaṁ nāma
Butter:

tesaññeva navanītaṁ.
butter from those same animals.

Telaṁ nāma
Oil:

tilatelaṁ sāsapatelaṁ madhukatelaṁ eraṇḍatelaṁ vasātelaṁ.
sesame oil, mustard-seed oil, honey-tree oil, castor oil, oil from fat.

Madhu nāma
Honey:

makkhikāmadhu.
honey from bees.

Phāṇitaṁ nāma
Syrup:

ucchumhā nibbattaṁ.
from sugarcane.

Maccho nāma
Fish:

udako vuccati.
what lives in water is what is meant.

Maṁsaṁ nāma
Meat:

yesaṁ maṁsaṁ kappati, tesaṁ maṁsaṁ.
the meat of those animals whose meat is allowable.

Khīraṁ nāma
Milk:

gokhīraṁ vā ajikākhīraṁ vā mahiṁsakhīraṁ vā, yesaṁ maṁsaṁ kappati, tesaṁ khīraṁ.
milk from cows, milk from goats, milk from buffaloes, or milk from whatever animal whose meat is allowable.

Dadhi nāma
Curd:

tesaññeva dadhi.
curd from those same animals.

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Evarūpāni paṇītabhojanānīti
Any of these kinds of fine foods:

tathārūpāni paṇītabhojanāni.
such kinds of fine foods.

Agilāno nāma
Who is not sick:

yassa vinā paṇītabhojanāni phāsu hoti.
who is comfortable without fine foods.

Gilāno nāma
Who is sick:

yassa vinā paṇītabhojanāni na phāsu hoti.
who is not comfortable without fine foods.

Agilāno attano atthāya viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṁ.
If he is not sick and he requests for himself, then for the effort there is an act of wrong conduct.

Paṭilābhena “bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
When he receives it with the intention of eating it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Agilāno agilānasaññī paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he is not sick, and he does not perceive himself as sick, and he eats fine foods that he has requested for himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Agilāno vematiko paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he is not sick, but he is unsure of it, and he eats fine foods that he has requested for himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Agilāno gilānasaññī paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he is not sick, but he perceives himself as sick, and he eats fine foods that he has requested for himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Gilāno agilānasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he is sick, but he does not perceive himself as sick, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Gilāno vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he is sick, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Gilāno gilānasaññī anāpatti.
If he is sick, and he perceives himself as sick, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

gilānassa,
if he is sick;

gilāno hutvā viññāpetvā agilāno bhuñjati,
if he asked for it when he was sick, but eats it when he is no longer sick;

gilānassa sesakaṁ bhuñjati,
if he eats the leftovers from one who is sick;

ñātakānaṁ,
if it is from relatives;

pavāritānaṁ,
if it is from those who have given an invitation;

aññassatthāya,
if it is for the benefit of someone else;

attano dhanena,
if it is by means of his own property;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Paṇītabhojanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.
The training rule on fine foods, the ninth, is finished.