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40. Dantaponasikkhāpada

The training rule on tooth cleaners

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ.
At one time the Buddha was staying in the hall with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sabbapaṁsukūliko susāne viharati.
At that time a monk who only used discarded things was staying in a charnel ground.

So manussehi diyyamānaṁ na icchati paṭiggahetuṁ, susānepi rukkhamūlepi ummārepi ayyavosāṭitakāni sāmaṁ gahetvā paribhuñjati.
He disliked receiving things from people. Instead he would take whatever was offered to the dead at the charnel ground, at the foot of trees, or at the threshold, and he would use that.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
People complained and criticized him,

“kathañhi nāma ayaṁ bhikkhu amhākaṁ ayyavosāṭitakāni sāmaṁ gahetvā paribhuñjissati.
“How can this monk take the offerings to our ancestors and use them?

Theroyaṁ bhikkhu vaṭharo manussamaṁsaṁ maññe khādatī”ti.
This monk is big and strong. One might even suspect him of eating human flesh!”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized him,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhu adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āharissatī”ti …pe…
“How can this monk eat food that hasn’t been given?” …

“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, bhikkhu, adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āharasī”ti?
“Is it true, monk, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked him …

kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āharissasi.
“Foolish man, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āhareyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk eats food that has not been given, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū udakadantapone kukkuccāyanti.
Soon afterwards the monks did not use water or tooth cleaners because they were afraid of wrongdoing.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, udakadantaponaṁ sāmaṁ gahetvā paribhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to use water and tooth cleaners after taking them yourselves.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āhareyya, aññatra udakadantaponā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk eats food that has not been given, except for water and tooth cleaners, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Adinnaṁ nāma
That has not been given:

appaṭiggahitakaṁ vuccati.
what has not been received is what is meant.

Dinnaṁ nāma
Given:

kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā dente hatthapāse ṭhito kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā paṭiggaṇhāti, etaṁ dinnaṁ nāma.
standing within arm’s reach of one giving by body or by what is connected to his body or by releasing, he receives it by body or by what is connected to his body—this is called “given”.

Āhāro nāma
Food:

udakadantaponaṁ ṭhapetvā yaṁ kiñci ajjhoharaṇīyaṁ, eso āhāro nāma.
whatever is edible, apart from water and tooth cleaners—this is called “food”.

Aññatra udakadantaponāti
Except for water and tooth cleaners:

ṭhapetvā udakadantaponaṁ.
apart from water and tooth cleaners.

“Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti gaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he takes it with the intention of eating it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaṭiggahitake appaṭiggahitakasaññī adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been received, and he does not perceive it as such, and he eats it, except for water and tooth cleaners, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaṭiggahitake vematiko adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been received, but he is unsure of it, and he eats it, except for water and tooth cleaners, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaṭiggahitake paṭiggahitakasaññī adinnaṁ mukhadvāraṁ āhāraṁ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been not received, but he perceives it as such, and he eats it, except for water and tooth cleaners, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Paṭiggahitake appaṭiggahitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it has been received, but he does not perceive it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Paṭiggahitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it has been received, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Paṭiggahitake paṭiggahitakasaññī, anāpatti.
If it has been received, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

udakadantapone,
if it is water or tooth cleaners;

cattāri mahāvikaṭāni sati paccaye asati kappiyakārake sāmaṁ gahetvā paribhuñjati,
if, when there is a reason, but there is no attendant, he himself takes the four filthy edibles and eats them;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Dantaponasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
The training rule on tooth cleaners, the tenth, is finished.

Bhojanavaggo catuttho.
The fourth subchapter on eating is finished.

Tassuddānaṁ
This is the summary:

Piṇḍo gaṇaṁ paraṁ pūvaṁ,
“Alms, group, another, pastry,

dve ca vuttā pavāraṇā;
And two are spoken on invitations;

Vikāle sannidhī khīraṁ,
At the wrong time, store, milk,

dantaponena te dasāti.
With tooth cleaner—those are the ten.”