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44. Rahopaṭicchannasikkhāpada

The training rule on private and concealed

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
On one occasion when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sahāyakassa gharaṁ gantvā tassa pajāpatiyā saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappesi.
Venerable Upananda the Sakyan went to the house of a friend and sat down with his wife in private on a concealed seat.

Atha kho so puriso ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—
The husband complained and criticized him,

“kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando mayhaṁ pajāpatiyā saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappessatī”ti.
“How could Venerable Upananda sit with my wife in private on a concealed seat?”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa.
The monks heard the complaints of that man,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda,

“kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto mātugāmena saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappessatī”ti …pe…
“How could Venerable Upananda sit in private on a concealed seat with a woman?” …

“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, mātugāmena saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappesī”ti?
“Is it true, Upananda, that you did this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked him …

kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mātugāmena saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappessasi.
“Foolish man, how could you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk sits down in private on a concealed seat with a woman, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Mātugāmo nāma
A woman:

manussitthī, na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā, antamaso tadahujātāpi dārikā, pageva mahattarī.
a human female, not a female spirit, not a female ghost, not a female animal; even a girl born on that very day, let alone an older one.

Saddhinti
With:

ekato.
together.

Raho nāma
In private:

cakkhussa raho sotassa raho.
there is private to the eye and there is private to the ear.

Cakkhussa raho nāma
Private to the eye:

na sakkā hoti akkhiṁ vā nikhaṇīyamāne bhamukaṁ vā ukkhipīyamāne sīsaṁ vā ukkhipīyamāne passituṁ.
one is unable to see them winking, raising an eyebrow, or nodding.

Sotassa raho nāma
Private to the ear:

na sakkā hoti pakatikathā sotuṁ.
one is unable to hear ordinary speech.

Paṭicchannaṁ nāma āsanaṁ
A concealed seat:

kuṭṭena vā kavāṭena vā kilañjena vā sāṇipākārena vā rukkhena vā thambhena vā kotthaḷiyā vā, yena kenaci paṭicchannaṁ hoti.
it is concealed by a wall, a screen, a door, a cloth screen, a tree, a pillar, a grain container, or anything else.

Nisajjaṁ kappeyyāti
Sits down:

mātugāme nisinne bhikkhu upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if the monk sits down or lies down next to the seated woman, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If the woman sits down or lies down next to the seated monk, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Ubho vā nisinnā honti ubho vā nipannā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If both are seated or both are lying down, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a woman, and he perceives her as such, and he sits down in private on a concealed seat with her, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Mātugāme vematiko raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a woman, but he is unsure of it, and he sits down in private on a concealed seat with her, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is a woman, but he does not perceive her as such, and he sits down in private on a concealed seat with her, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Yakkhiyā vā petiyā vā paṇḍakena vā tiracchānagatāya vā manussaviggahitthiyā vā saddhiṁ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṁ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he sits down in private on a concealed seat with a female spirit, a female ghost, a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>paṇḍaka</i>, or a female animal in the form of a woman, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not a woman, but he perceives them as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not a woman, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is not a woman, and he does not perceive them as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

yo koci viññū puriso dutiyo hoti,
if he has a male companion who understands;

tiṭṭhati na nisīdati,
if he stands and does not sit down;

arahopekkho,
if he is not seeking privacy;

aññavihito nisīdati,
if he sits down preoccupied with something else;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Rahopaṭicchannasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.
The training rule on private and concealed, the fourth, is finished.