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48. Uyyuttasenāsikkhāpada

The training rule on armies

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
On one occasion when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo senāya abbhuyyāto hoti.
King Pasenadi of Kosala was marching out with the army,

Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya agamaṁsu.
and the monks from the group of six went to see it.

Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo chabbaggiye bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante.
When King Pasenadi saw the monks coming,

Disvāna pakkosāpetvā etadavoca—
he summoned them and said,

“kissa tumhe, bhante, āgatatthā”ti?
“Venerables, why have you come here?”

“Mahārājānaṁ mayaṁ daṭṭhukāmā”ti.
“We wish to see the great king.”

“Kiṁ, bhante, maṁ diṭṭhena yuddhābhinandinaṁ;
“What’s the use of seeing me finding pleasure in battle?

nanu bhagavā passitabbo”ti?
Shouldn’t you see the Buddha?”

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
And people complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya āgacchissanti.
“How can the Sakyan monastics go to see the army?

Amhākampi alābhā, amhākampi dulladdhaṁ, ye mayaṁ ājīvassa hetu puttadārassa kāraṇā senāya āgacchāmā”ti.
It’s our misfortune that we must go out with the army for the sake of our livelihoods and because of our wives and children.”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gacchissantī”ti …pe…
“How could the monks from the group of six go to see the army?” …

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gacchathā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you did this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gacchissatha.
“Foolish men, how could you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gaccheyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk goes to see an army, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno mātulo senāya gilāno hoti.
Soon afterwards a certain monk had a sick uncle in the army.

So tassa bhikkhuno santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—
The uncle sent a message to that monk:

“ahañhi senāya gilāno.
“I’m with the army and I’m sick.

Āgacchatu bhadanto.
Please come, Venerable.

Icchāmi bhadantassa āgatan”ti.
I want you to come.”

Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi—“bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ—‘na uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gantabban’ti.
Knowing that the Buddha had laid down a rule against going to see an army, that monk thought,

Ayañca me mātulo senāya gilāno.
“I have a sick uncle in the army.

Kathaṁ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti?
What should I do now?”

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
And he told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpappaccayā senāya gantuṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to go to the army when there’s a suitable reason.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu uyyuttaṁ senaṁ dassanāya gaccheyya, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk goes to see an army, except if there is a suitable reason, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Uyyuttā nāma senā
An army:

gāmato nikkhamitvā niviṭṭhā vā hoti payātā vā.
it has left the inhabited area and is either encamped or marching.

Senā nāma
An army:

hatthī assā rathā pattī.
elephants, horses, chariots, infantry.

Dvādasapuriso hatthī, tipuriso asso, catupuriso ratho, cattāro purisā sarahatthā patti.
An elephant has twelve men; a horse has three men; a chariot has four men; an infantry unit has four men with arrows in hand.

Dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he is on his way to see it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Wherever he stands to see it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Dassanūpacāraṁ vijahitvā punappunaṁ passati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
Every time he goes beyond the range of sight and then sees it again, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Aññatra tathārūpappaccayāti
Except if there is a suitable reason:

ṭhapetvā tathārūpappaccayaṁ.
unless there is a suitable reason.

Uyyutte uyyuttasaññī dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an army, and he perceives it as such, and he goes to see it, except if there is a suitable reason, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Uyyutte vematiko dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an army, but he is unsure of it, and he goes to see it, except if there is a suitable reason, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Uyyutte anuyyuttasaññī dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an army, but he does not perceive it as such, and he goes to see it, except if there is a suitable reason, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Ekamekaṁ dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he is on his way to see one division of a fourfold army, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
Wherever he stands to see it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dassanūpacāraṁ vijahitvā punappunaṁ passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
Every time he goes beyond the range of sight and then sees it again, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anuyyutte uyyuttasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not an army, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anuyyutte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not an army, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anuyyutte anuyyuttasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is not an army, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

ārāme ṭhito passati,
if he sees it while standing in a monastery;

bhikkhussa ṭhitokāsaṁ vā nisinnokāsaṁ vā nipannokāsaṁ vā āgacchati,
if the army comes to where the monk is standing, sitting, or lying down;

paṭipathaṁ gacchanto passati,
if he sees it while walking in the opposite direction;

tathārūpappaccayā,
if he has a suitable reason;

āpadāsu,
if there is an emergency;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Uyyuttasenāsikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.
The training rule on armies, the eighth, is finished.