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51. Surāpānasikkhāpada

The training rule on drinking alcoholic drinks

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā cetiyesu cārikaṁ caramāno yena bhaddavatikā tena pāyāsi.
On one occasion when the Buddha was wandering in the country of Ceti on his way to Bhaddavatikā,

Addasaṁsu kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ.
he was seen by a number of cow-herds, shepherds, farmers, and travelers.

Disvāna bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ—“mā kho, bhante, bhagavā ambatitthaṁ agamāsi.
They said to him, “Sir, don’t go to Ambatittha.

Ambatitthe, bhante, jaṭilassa assame nāgo paṭivasati iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso.
There’s a highly venomous dragon with supernormal powers there, in the hermitage of a dreadlocked ascetic.

So bhagavantaṁ mā viheṭhesī”ti.
Don’t let it harm you.”

Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.
The Buddha was silent.

Dutiyampi kho …pe…
They repeated their request a second

tatiyampi kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ—
and a third time,

“mā kho, bhante, bhagavā ambatitthaṁ agamāsi.

Ambatitthe, bhante, jaṭilassa assame nāgo paṭivasati iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso.

So bhagavantaṁ mā viheṭhesī”ti.

Tatiyampi kho bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.
and the Buddha remained silent.

Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena bhaddavatikā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā bhaddavatikāyaṁ viharati.
The Buddha then continued on to Bhaddavatikā, and he stayed there.

Atha kho āyasmā sāgato yena ambatitthassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā agyāgāraṁ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārakaṁ paññapetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.
Just then Venerable Sāgata went to the hermitage of that dreadlocked ascetic and entered his fire hut. After preparing a spread of grass, he sat down, crossed his legs, straightened his body, and established mindfulness in front of him.

Addasā kho so nāgo āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ paviṭṭhaṁ. Disvāna dummano padhūpāyi.
Seeing that Sāgata had entered the fire hut, the dragon was upset and emitted smoke.

Āyasmāpi sāgato padhūpāyi.
Sāgata, too, emitted smoke.

Atha kho so nāgo makkhaṁ asahamāno pajjali.
The dragon was not able to contain his rage and emitted flames.

Āyasmāpi sāgato tejodhātuṁ samāpajjitvā pajjali.
Sāgata entered the fire element and he, too, emitted flames.

Atha kho āyasmā sāgato tassa nāgassa tejasā tejaṁ pariyādiyitvā yena bhaddavatikā tenupasaṅkami.
Then, after conquering fire with fire, Sāgata went to Bhaddavatikā.

Atha kho bhagavā bhaddavatikāyaṁ yathābhirantaṁ viharitvā yena kosambī tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi.
After staying at Bhaddavatikā for as long as he liked, the Buddha set out wandering toward Kosambī.

Assosuṁ kho kosambikā upāsakā—“ayyo kira sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saddhiṁ saṅgāmesī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena kosambī tadavasari. Atha kho kosambikā upāsakā bhagavato paccuggamanaṁ karitvā yenāyasmā sāgato tenupasaṅkamiṁsu;
When he arrived, the lay followers there received him.

upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho kosambikā upāsakā āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ etadavocuṁ—
But the lay followers at Kosambī had heard about Sāgata fighting the Ambatittha dragon. And so after receiving the Buddha, they went to see Sāgata. They bowed, stood to one side, and said,

“kiṁ, bhante, ayyānaṁ dullabhañca manāpañca, kiṁ paṭiyādemā”ti?
“Venerable, what can we prepare for you that’s delicious but hard to get?”

Evaṁ vutte, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kosambike upāsake etadavocuṁ—“atthāvuso, kāpotikā nāma pasannā bhikkhūnaṁ dullabhā ca manāpā ca, taṁ paṭiyādethā”ti.
The monks from the group of six replied, “There’s a delicious liquor called Kāpotikā, which is hard for the monks to get. Prepare that.”

Atha kho kosambikā upāsakā ghare ghare kāpotikaṁ pasannaṁ paṭiyādetvā āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṁ disvāna āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ etadavocuṁ—“pivatu, bhante, ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṁ pasannaṁ, pivatu, bhante, ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṁ pasannan”ti.
And the lay followers prepared Kāpotikā in house after house. Then, when they saw that Sāgata had entered the town for alms, they said to him, “Drink, Venerable, drink the Kāpotikā liquor.”

Atha kho āyasmā sāgato ghare ghare kāpotikaṁ pasannaṁ pivitvā nagaramhā nikkhamanto nagaradvāre paripati.
Sāgata drank that liquor in house after house, and as he was leaving town, he collapsed at the town gate.

Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ nagaramhā nikkhamanto addasa āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ nagaradvāre paripatantaṁ.
Just then the Buddha, together with a number of monks, was also leaving town, and he saw Sāgata at the town gate.

Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi—“gaṇhatha, bhikkhave, sāgatan”ti.
He said, “Monks, pick up Sāgata.”

“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā āyasmantaṁ sāgataṁ ārāmaṁ netvā yena bhagavā tena sīsaṁ katvā nipātesuṁ.
Saying, “Yes, Sir,” they led him to the monastery, where they put him down with his head toward the Buddha.

Atha kho āyasmā sāgato parivattitvā yena bhagavā tena pāde karitvā seyyaṁ kappesi.
But Sāgata turned around, pointing his feet toward the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—“nanu, bhikkhave, pubbe sāgato tathāgate sagāravo ahosi sappatisso”ti?
The Buddha said, “Previously, monks, wasn’t Sāgata respectful and deferential toward me?”

“Evaṁ, bhante”.
“Yes.”

“Api nu kho, bhikkhave, sāgato etarahi tathāgate sagāravo sappatisso”ti?
“But is he now?”

“No hetaṁ, bhante”.
“Certainly not.”

“Nanu, bhikkhave, sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saddhiṁ saṅgāmesī”ti?
“Just recently, didn’t Sāgata fight the Ambatittha dragon?”

“Evaṁ, bhante”.
“Yes.”

“Api nu kho, bhikkhave, sāgato etarahi pahoti nāgena saddhiṁ saṅgāmetun”ti?
“Would he now be able to fight a dragon?”

“No hetaṁ, bhante”.
“Certainly not.”

“Api nu kho, bhikkhave, taṁ pātabbaṁ yaṁ pivitvā visaññī assā”ti?
“So, monks, should one drink that which makes one senseless?”

“No hetaṁ, bhante”.
“Certainly not, Sir.”

“Ananucchavikaṁ, bhikkhave, sāgatassa ananulomikaṁ appatirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.
“It’s not suitable, monks, it’s not proper for Sāgata, it’s not worthy of a monastic, it’s not allowable, it’s not to be done.

Kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, sāgato majjaṁ pivissati.
How could Sāgata drink alcoholic drinks?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Surāmerayapāne pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk drinks this or that kind of alcoholic drink, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Surā nāma
This kind of alcoholic drink:

piṭṭhasurā pūvasurā odanasurā kiṇṇapakkhittā sambhārasaṁyuttā.
alcoholic drinks made from flour, alcoholic drinks made from pastries, alcoholics drink made from rice, those with yeast added, those made from a combination of ingredients.

Merayo nāma
That kind of alcoholic drink:

pupphāsavo phalāsavo madhvāsavo guḷāsavo sambhārasaṁyutto.
alcoholic drinks made from flowers, alcoholic drinks made from fruit, alcoholic drinks made from honey, alcoholic drinks made from sugar, those made from a combination of ingredients.

Piveyyāti
Drinks:

antamaso kusaggenapi pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he drinks even what fits on the tip of a blade of grass, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Majje majjasaññī pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an alcoholic drink, and he perceives it as such, and he drinks it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Majje vematiko pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an alcoholic drink, but he is unsure of it, and he drinks it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Majje amajjasaññī pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an alcoholic drink, but he perceives it as non-alcoholic, and he drinks it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Amajje majjasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is a non-alcoholic drink, but he perceives it as alcoholic, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Amajje vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is a non-alcoholic drink, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Amajje amajjasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is a non-alcoholic drink, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

amajjañca hoti majjavaṇṇaṁ majjagandhaṁ majjarasaṁ taṁ pivati,
if he drinks a non-alcoholic drink that has the color, smell, or taste of an alcoholic drink;

sūpasampāke,
if it is cooked in a bean curry;

maṁsasampāke,
if it is cooked with meat;

telasampāke,
if it is cooked with oil;

āmalakaphāṇite,
if it is in syrup from emblic myrobalan;

amajjaṁ ariṭṭhaṁ pivati,
if he drinks a drink that is normally alcoholic, but which is actually without alcohol;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Surāpānasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.
The training rule on drinking alcoholic drinks, the first, is finished.