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85. Vikālagāmappavisanasikkhāpada

The training rule on entering an inhabited area at the wrong time

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathenti, seyyathidaṁ—
At that time the monks from the group of six entered the village at the wrong time, sat down in the public meeting hall, and talked about all sorts of worldly things:

rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ mahāmattakathaṁ senākathaṁ bhayakathaṁ yuddhakathaṁ annakathaṁ pānakathaṁ vatthakathaṁ sayanakathaṁ mālākathaṁ gandhakathaṁ ñātikathaṁ yānakathaṁ gāmakathaṁ nigamakathaṁ nagarakathaṁ janapadakathaṁ itthikathaṁ sūrakathaṁ visikhākathaṁ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṁ pubbapetakathaṁ nānattakathaṁ lokakkhāyikaṁ samuddakkhāyikaṁ itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā.
about kings, gangsters, and officials; about armies, dangers, and battles; about food, drink, clothes, and beds; about garlands and perfumes; about relatives, vehicles, villages, towns, and countries; about women and heroes; gossip; about the departed; about various trivialities; about the world and the sea; about the various kinds of existence.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
People complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessanti, seyyathidaṁ—
“How can the Sakyan monastics enter the village at the wrong time, sit down in the public meeting hall, and talk about such worldly things?

rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…

itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino”ti.
They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessanti, seyyathidaṁ—
“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”

rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…
…

itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā”ti …pe…

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathetha, seyyathidaṁ—
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…

itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessatha, seyyathidaṁ—
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…

itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā.

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk enters an inhabited area at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṁ gacchantā sāyaṁ aññataraṁ gāmaṁ upagacchiṁsu.
Soon afterwards a number of monks were walking through the Kosalan country on their way to Sāvatthī, when one evening they came to a certain village.

Manussā te bhikkhū passitvā etadavocuṁ—
People saw them and said,

“pavisatha, bhante”ti.
“Venerables, please enter the village.”

Atha kho te bhikkhū—

“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyantā na pavisiṁsu.
But knowing that entering a village at the wrong time had been prohibited by the Buddha and being afraid of wrongdoing, they declined.

Corā te bhikkhū acchindiṁsu.
And so thieves robbed them.

Atha kho te bhikkhū sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They then went to Sāvatthī and told the monks what had happened,

Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
who in turn told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time after informing someone.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, without informing anyone, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṁ gacchanto sāyaṁ aññataraṁ gāmaṁ upagacchi.
Soon afterwards a monk was walking through the Kosalan country on his way to Sāvatthī, when one evening he came to a certain village.

Manussā taṁ bhikkhuṁ passitvā etadavocuṁ—
People saw him and said,

“pavisatha, bhante”ti.
“Venerable, please enter the village.”

Atha kho so bhikkhu—

“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi.
But knowing that entering a village at the wrong time without informing anyone had been prohibited by the Buddha and being afraid of wrongdoing, he declined.

Corā taṁ bhikkhuṁ acchindiṁsu.
And so thieves robbed him.

Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
He then went to Sāvatthī and told the monks what had happened,

Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
who in turn told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time after informing an available monk.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, when a monk is available, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing him, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho hoti.
Soon afterwards a monk was bitten by a snake.

Aññataro bhikkhu “aggiṁ āharissāmī”ti gāmaṁ gacchati.
Another monk went to the village to get fire.

Atha kho so bhikkhu—
He then remembered

“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi …pe…
that the Buddha has prohibited entering a village at the wrong time without informing an available monk. And being afraid of wrongdoing, he did not enter.

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpe accāyike karaṇīye santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing an available monk if there is some appropriate urgent business.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, when another monk is available, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing him, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Santo nāma bhikkhu
An available monk:

sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṁ.
he is able to inform him and then enter.

Asanto nāma bhikkhu
No available monk:

na sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṁ.
he is not able to inform anyone and then enter.

Vikālo nāma
At the wrong time:

majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruṇuggamanā.
when the middle of the day has passed, until dawn.

Gāmaṁ paviseyyāti
Enters an inhabited area:

parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṁ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he crosses the boundary of an enclosed inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṁ okkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he enters the vicinity of an unenclosed inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyāti
Except if there is some appropriate urgent business:

ṭhapetvā tathārūpaṁ accāyikaṁ karaṇīyaṁ.
unless there is some appropriate urgent business.

Vikāle vikālasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, and he perceives it as such, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Vikāle vematiko santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he is unsure of it, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Vikāle kālasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he perceives it as the right time, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Kāle vikālasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he perceives it as the wrong time, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is the right time, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

tathārūpe accāyike karaṇīye,
if there is some appropriate urgent business;

santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā pavisati,
if he enters after informing an available monk;

asantaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā pavisati,
if he enters without informing anyone when there is no available monk;

antarārāmaṁ gacchati,
if he is going between monasteries;

bhikkhunupassayaṁ gacchati,
if he is going to the dwelling place of nuns;

titthiyaseyyaṁ gacchati,
if he is going to the dwelling place of the monastics of another religion;

paṭikkamanaṁ gacchati,
if he is returning to the monastery;

gāmena maggo hoti,
if the road goes via an inhabited area;

āpadāsu,
if there is an emergency;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Vikālagāmappavisanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.
The training rule on entering an inhabited area at the wrong time, the third, is finished.