Parivāra

Translators: brahmali

The Compendium

16. Kathinabheda

The subdivision on the robe-making ceremony

1. Kathinaatthatādi
Participated in the robe-making ceremony, etc.

Kassa kathinaṁ anatthataṁ?
Who has not participated in the robe-making ceremony?

Kassa kathinaṁ atthataṁ?
Who has participated in the robe-making ceremony?

Kinti kathinaṁ anatthataṁ?
How has the robe-making ceremony not been performed?

Kinti kathinaṁ atthataṁ?
How has the robe-making ceremony been performed?

Kassa kathinaṁ anatthatanti?
Who has not participated in the robe-making ceremony?

Dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ—
Two kinds of people:

anatthārakassa ca ananumodakassa ca.
those who have not performed the robe-making ceremony and those who have not expressed their appreciation.

Imesaṁ dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.

Kassa kathinaṁ atthatanti?
Who has participated the robe-making ceremony?

Dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ—
Two kinds of people:

atthārakassa ca anumodakassa ca.
those who have performed the robe-making ceremony and those who have expressed their appreciation.

Imesaṁ dvinnaṁ puggalānaṁ atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.

Kinti kathinaṁ anatthatanti?
How has the robe-making ceremony not been performed?

Catuvīsatiyā ākārehi anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
There are twenty-four ways in which the robe-making ceremony has not been performed:

na ullikhitamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
The robe-making ceremony has not been performed merely by marking the cloth,

na dhovanamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by washing the cloth,

na cīvaravicāraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by planning the robe,

na chedanamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by cutting the cloth,

na bandhanamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by a tacking the cloth,

na ovaṭṭiyakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by sewing a hem,

na kaṇḍusakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by marking with a strip of cloth,

na daḷhīkammakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by strengthening,

na anuvātakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by adding a border lengthwise,

na paribhaṇḍakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by adding a border crosswise,

na ovaddheyyakaraṇamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by patching,

na kambalamaddanamattena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
merely by partial dyeing;

na nimittakatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
nor has it been performed if a monk has made an indication,

na parikathākatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if a monk has given a hint,

na kukkukatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if the robe-cloth has been borrowed,

na sannidhikatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if it has been stored,

na nissaggiyena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if it is to be relinquished,

na akappakatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if it has not been marked,

na aññatra saṅghāṭiyā atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if it is not an outer robe

na aññatra uttarāsaṅgena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
or an upper robe

na aññatra antaravāsakena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
or a sarong;

na aññatra pañcakena vā atirekapañcakena vā tadaheva sañchinnena samaṇḍalīkatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
nor has it been performed if the robe has not been made on that very day with five or more cut sections with panels,

na aññatra puggalassa atthārā atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ,
if the robe-making ceremony was not performed by an individual,

sammā ce atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, tañce nissīmaṭṭho anumodati.
or if the robe-making ceremony has been performed correctly but the appreciation for the ceremony was expressed outside the monastery zone.

Evampi anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.

Nimittakammaṁ nāma nimittaṁ karoti—
Making an indication: one makes an indication, thinking,

“iminā dussena kathinaṁ attharissāmī”ti.
“I’ll perform the robe-making ceremony with this cloth.”

Parikathā nāma parikathaṁ karoti—
Hinting: one gives a hint, thinking,

“imāya parikathāya kathinadussaṁ nibbattessāmī”ti.
“With this hint, I’ll make a cloth for the robe-making ceremony appear.”

Kukkukataṁ nāma anādiyadānaṁ vuccati.
Borrowed: a gift not to be taken as one’s own is so called.

Sannidhi nāma dve sannidhiyo—
Stored: there are two kinds of storing:

karaṇasannidhi vā nicayasannidhi vā.
storing for the purpose of making and storing for the purpose of accumulation.

Nissaggiyaṁ nāma kayiramāne aruṇaṁ uṭṭhahati.
To be relinquished: dawn arrives while it is being made.

Imehi catuvīsatiyā ākārehi anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.

Kinti kathinaṁ atthatanti?
How has the robe-making ceremony been performed?

Sattarasahi ākārehi atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.
The robe-making ceremony has been performed through seventeen aspects:

Ahatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, ahatakappena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, pilotikāya atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, paṁsukūlena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, pāpaṇikena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, animittakatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, aparikathākatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, akukkukatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, asannidhikatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, anissaggiyena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, kappakatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, saṅghāṭiyā atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, uttarāsaṅgena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, antaravāsakena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, pañcakena vā atirekapañcakena vā tadaheva sañchinnena samaṇḍalīkatena atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, puggalassa atthārā atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, sammā ce atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, tañce sīmaṭṭho anumodati, evampi atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.
The robe-making ceremony has been performed if the cloth is brand new, if it is nearly new, if it is old, if it is a rag, if it is from a shop; it has been performed if a monk has not made an indication, if a monk has not given a hint, if the robe-cloth has not been borrowed, if it has not been stored, if it is not to be relinquished, if it has been marked, if it is an outer robe or an upper robe or a sarong; it has been performed if the robe has been made on that very day with five or more cut sections with panels, if the robe-making ceremony was performed by an individual, and if the appreciation for the ceremony was expressed by someone inside the monastery zone.

Imehi sattarasahi ākārehi atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.

Saha kathinassa atthārā kati dhammā jāyanti?
How many things are produced together with the participation in the robe-making ceremony?

Saha kathinassa atthārā pannarasa dhammā jāyanti—
Fifteen things:

aṭṭha mātikā, dve palibodhā, pañcānisaṁsā.
eight key phrases, two obstacles, and five benefits.

Saha kathinassa atthārā ime pannarasa dhammā jāyanti.

2. Kathinaanantarapaccayādi
2. The immediately preceding condition for the robe-making ceremony, etc.

Payogassa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo, purejātapaccayena paccayo, pacchājātapaccayena paccayo, sahajātapaccayena paccayo?
Which things have effort as a condition—by being an immediately preceding condition, by being an immediately prior condition, by being a support condition, by being a decisive support condition, by being a pre-arising condition, by being a post-arising condition, by being a co-arising condition?

Pubbakaraṇassa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo …pe…
Which things have the prior duties as conditions—by being immediately preceding conditions …

paccuddhārassa katame dhammā …
Which things have relinquishment as a condition …

adhiṭṭhānassa katame dhammā …
Which things have determining as a condition …

atthārassa katame dhammā …
Which things have participating in the robe-making ceremony as a condition …

mātikānañca palibodhānañca katame dhammā …
Which things have the key phrases and the obstacles as conditions …

vatthussa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo, purejātapaccayena paccayo, pacchājātapaccayena paccayo, sahajātapaccayena paccayo?
Which things have the object as a condition—by being an immediately preceding condition, by being an immediately prior condition, by being a support condition, by being a decisive support condition, by being a pre-arising condition, by being a post-arising condition, by being a co-arising condition?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ payogassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
The prior duties have effort as an immediately preceding condition, an immediately prior condition, a support condition, and a decisive support condition.

Payogo pubbakaraṇassa purejātapaccayena paccayo.
Effort has the prior duties as pre-arising conditions.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ payogassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
The prior duties have effort as a post-arising condition.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
Relinquishment has the prior duties as immediately preceding conditions, immediately prior conditions, support conditions, and decisive support conditions.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ paccuddhārassa purejātapaccayena paccayo.
The prior duties have relinquishment as a pre-arising condition.

Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
Relinquishment has the prior duties as post-arising conditions.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ paccuddhārassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
Determining has relinquishment as an immediately preceding condition, an immediately prior condition, a support condition, and a decisive support condition.

Paccuddhāro adhiṭṭhānassa purejātapaccayena paccayo.
Relinquishment has determining as a pre-arising condition.

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ paccuddhārassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
Determining has relinquishment as a post-arising condition.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

Atthāro adhiṭṭhānassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
Performing the robe-making ceremony has determining as an immediately preceding condition, an immediately prior condition, a support condition, and a decisive support condition.

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ atthārassa purejātapaccayena paccayo.
Determining has performing the robe-making ceremony as a pre-arising condition.

Atthāro adhiṭṭhānassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
Performing the robe-making ceremony has determining as a post-arising condition.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthārassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
The key phrases and the obstacles have performing the robe-making ceremony as an immediately preceding condition, an immediately prior condition, a support condition, and a decisive support condition.

Atthāro mātikānañca palibodhānañca purejātapaccayena paccayo.
Performing the robe-making ceremony has the key phrases and the obstacles as pre-arising conditions.

Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthārassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
The key phrases and the obstacles have performing the robe-making ceremony as a post-arising condition.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthussa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo.
Expectation and non-expectation have the object as an immediately preceding condition, an immediately prior condition, a support condition, and a decisive support condition.

Vatthu āsānañca anāsānañca purejātapaccayena paccayo.
The object has expectation and non-expectation as pre-arising conditions.

Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthussa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo.
Expectation and non-expectation have the object as a post-arising condition.

Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
The fifteen things are co-arising conditions.

3. Pubbakaraṇanidānādivibhāga
3. The details on the source of the prior duties, etc.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of the prior duties?

Paccuddhāro kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of relinquishment?

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of determining?

Atthāro kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of performing the robe-making ceremony?

Mātikā ca palibodhā ca kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā kiṁsamuṭṭhānā?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of the key phrases and the obstacles?

Āsā ca anāsā ca kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of expectation and non-expectation?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ payoganidānaṁ, payogasamudayaṁ, payogajātikaṁ, payogapabhavaṁ, payogasambhāraṁ, payogasamuṭṭhānaṁ.
The prior duties have effort as their source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇanidāno, pubbakaraṇasamudayo, pubbakaraṇajātiko, pubbakaraṇapabhavo, pubbakaraṇasambhāro, pubbakaraṇasamuṭṭhāno.
Relinquishment has the prior duties as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ paccuddhāranidānaṁ, paccuddhārasamudayaṁ, paccuddhārajātikaṁ, paccuddhārapabhavaṁ, paccuddhārasambhāraṁ, paccuddhārasamuṭṭhānaṁ.
Determining has relinquishment as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Atthāro adhiṭṭhānanidāno, adhiṭṭhānasamudayo, adhiṭṭhānajātiko, adhiṭṭhānapabhavo, adhiṭṭhānasambhāro, adhiṭṭhānasamuṭṭhāno.
Performing the robe-making ceremony has determining as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthāranidānā, atthārasamudayā, atthārajātikā, atthārapabhavā, atthārasambhārā, atthārasamuṭṭhānā.
The key terms and the obstacles have participating in the robe-making ceremony as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthunidānā, vatthusamudayā, vatthujātikā, vatthupabhavā, vatthusambhārā, vatthusamuṭṭhānā.
Expectation and non-expectation have the key phrases and the obstacles as their source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Payogo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno,
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of effort?

pubbakaraṇaṁ …pe…
… of the prior duties?

paccuddhāro …
… of relinquishment?

adhiṭṭhānaṁ …
… of determining?

atthāro …
… of performing the robe-making ceremony?

mātikā ca palibodhā ca …
… of the key phrases and the obstacles?

vatthu …
… of the object?

āsā ca anāsā ca kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of expectation and non-expectation?

Payogo hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno.
Effort has causes as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ …pe…
The prior duties …

paccuddhāro …
Relinquishment …

adhiṭṭhānaṁ …
Determining …

atthāro …
Performing the robe-making ceremony …

mātikā ca palibodhā ca …
The key phrases and the obstacles …

vatthu …
The object …

āsā ca anāsā ca hetunidānā, hetusamudayā, hetujātikā, hetupabhavā, hetusambhārā, hetusamuṭṭhānā.
Expectation and non-expectation have causes as their source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Payogo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?
What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of effort?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ …pe…
… of the prior duties?

paccuddhāro …
… of relinquishment?

adhiṭṭhānaṁ …
… of determining?

atthāro …
… of performing the robe-making ceremony?

mātikā ca palibodhā ca …
… of the key phrases and the obstacles?

vatthu …
… of the object?

Payogo paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno.
Effort has conditions as its source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ …pe…
The prior duties …

paccuddhāro …
Relinquishment …

adhiṭṭhānaṁ …
Determining …

atthāro …
Performing the robe-making ceremony …

mātikā ca palibodhā ca …
The key phrases and the obstacles …

vatthu …
The object …

āsā ca anāsā ca paccayanidānā, paccayasamudayā, paccayajātikā, paccayapabhavā, paccayasambhārā, paccayasamuṭṭhānā.
Expectation and non-expectation have conditions as their source, origin, birth, arising, production, and origination.

Pubbakaraṇaṁ katihi dhammehi saṅgahitaṁ?
How many things are grouped with the prior duties?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ sattahi dhammehi saṅgahitaṁ.
Seven things:

Dhovanena, vicāraṇena, chedanena, bandhanena, sibbanena, rajanena, kappakaraṇena—
washing, planning, cutting, tacking, sewing, dyeing, and making.

pubbakaraṇaṁ imehi sattahi dhammehi saṅgahitaṁ.

Paccuddhāro katihi dhammehi saṅgahito?
How many things are grouped with relinquishment?

Paccuddhāro tīhi dhammehi saṅgahito—
Three things:

saṅghāṭiyā, uttarāsaṅgena, antaravāsakena.
the outer robe, the upper robe, and the sarong.

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ katihi dhammehi saṅgahitaṁ?
How many things are grouped with determining?

Adhiṭṭhānaṁ tīhi dhammehi saṅgahitaṁ—
Three things:

saṅghāṭiyā, uttarāsaṅgena, antaravāsakena.
the outer robe, the upper robe, and the sarong.

Atthāro katihi dhammehi saṅgahito?
How many things are grouped with performing the robe-making ceremony?

Atthāro ekena dhammena saṅgahito—
One thing:

vacībhedena.
breaking into speech.

Kathinassa kati mūlāni, kati vatthūni, kati bhūmiyo?
How many roots does the robe-making ceremony have, how many objects, and how many grounds?

Kathinassa ekaṁ mūlaṁ—
The robe-making ceremony has one root:

saṅgho;
the Sangha.

tīṇi vatthūni—
It has three objects:

saṅghāṭi, uttarāsaṅgo, antaravāsako;
the outer robe, the upper robe, and the sarong.

cha bhūmiyo—
It has six grounds:

khomaṁ, kappāsikaṁ, koseyyaṁ, kambalaṁ, sāṇaṁ, bhaṅgaṁ.
linen, cotton, silk, wool, sunn hemp, and hemp.

Kathinassa ko ādi, kiṁ majjhe, kiṁ pariyosānaṁ?
What is the beginning, the middle, and the end of the robe-making ceremony?

Kathinassa pubbakaraṇaṁ ādi, kriyā majjhe, atthāro pariyosānaṁ.
The prior duties are the beginning, the performing is the middle, the robe-making ceremony is the end.

Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ?
What sort of person is unable to perform the robe-making ceremony?

Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ?
What sort of person is able to perform the robe-making ceremony?

Aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ.
A person who has eight qualities is unable to perform the robe-making ceremony.

Aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ.
A person who has eight qualities is able to perform the robe-making ceremony.

Katamehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ?
What are the eight qualities of a person who is unable to perform the robe-making ceremony?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ na jānāti, paccuddhāraṁ na jānāti, adhiṭṭhānaṁ na jānāti, atthāraṁ na jānāti, mātikaṁ na jānāti, palibodhaṁ na jānāti, uddhāraṁ na jānāti, ānisaṁsaṁ na jānāti—
They do not know the prior duties, relinquishment, determining, the robe-making ceremony, the key phrases, the obstacles, the ending of the robe season, or the benefits.

imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ.

Katamehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ?
What are the eight qualities of a person who is able to perform the robe-making ceremony?

Pubbakaraṇaṁ jānāti, paccuddhāraṁ jānāti, adhiṭṭhānaṁ jānāti, atthāraṁ jānāti, mātikaṁ jānāti, palibodhaṁ jānāti, uddhāraṁ jānāti, ānisaṁsaṁ jānāti—
They know the prior duties, relinquishment, determining, the robe-making ceremony, the key phrases, the obstacles, the ending of the robe season, and the benefits.

imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṁ attharituṁ.

Katinaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā na ruhanti?
For how many kinds of people is the robe-making ceremony not effective?

Katinaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā ruhanti?
For how many kinds of people is the robe-making ceremony effective?

Tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā na ruhanti.
It is not effective for three kinds of people.

Tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā ruhanti.
It is effective for three kinds of people.

Katamesaṁ tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā na ruhanti?
For which three kinds of people is it not effective?

Nissīmaṭṭho anumodati, anumodento na vācaṁ bhindati, vācaṁ bhindanto na paraṁ viññāpeti—
For one who expresses their appreciation outside the monastery zone; for one who does not express their appreciation verbally; for one who expresses it verbally, but does not inform anyone.

imesaṁ tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā na ruhanti.

Katamesaṁ tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā ruhanti?
For which three kinds of people is it effective?

Sīmaṭṭho anumodati, anumodento vācaṁ bhindati, vācaṁ bhindanto paraṁ viññāpeti—
For one who expresses their appreciation within the monastery zone; for one who expresses their appreciation verbally; for one who expresses it verbally and informs someone.

imesaṁ tiṇṇaṁ puggalānaṁ kathinatthārā ruhanti.

Kati kathinatthārā na ruhanti?
How many kinds of robe-making ceremonies are invalid?

Kati kathinatthārā ruhanti?
How many kinds of robe-making ceremonies are valid?

Tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti.
Three kinds of robe-making ceremonies are invalid.

Tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti.
Three kinds of robe-making ceremonies are valid.

Katame tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti?
What are the three kinds of robe-making ceremonies that are invalid?

Vatthuvipannañceva hoti, kālavipannañca, karaṇavipannañca—
The object fails; the timing fails; the making fails.

ime tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti.

Katame tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti?
What are the three kinds of robe-making ceremonies that are valid?

Vatthusampannañceva hoti, kālasampannañca, karaṇasampannañca—
The object succeeds; the timing succeeds; the making succeeds.

ime tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti.

4. Kathinādijānitabbavibhāga
4. The details on what is to be known about the robe-making ceremony, etc.

Kathinaṁ jānitabbaṁ, kathinatthāro jānitabbo, kathinassa atthāramāso jānitabbo, kathinassa atthāravipatti jānitabbā, kathinassa atthārasampatti jānitabbā, nimittakammaṁ jānitabbaṁ, parikathā jānitabbā, kukkukataṁ jānitabbaṁ, sannidhi jānitabbā, nissaggiyaṁ jānitabbaṁ.
The robe-making ceremony is to be known. Participation in the robe-making ceremony is to be known. The month of the robe-making ceremony is to be known. Failure of the robe-making ceremony is to be known. Success of the robe-making ceremony is to be known. The giving of an indication is to be known. A hint is to be known. Borrowing is to be known. Storing is to be known. Relinquishment is to be known.

Kathinaṁ jānitabbanti
The robe-making ceremony is to be known:

tesaññeva dhammānaṁ saṅgaho samavāyo nāmaṁ nāmakammaṁ nāmadheyyaṁ nirutti byañjanaṁ abhilāpo yadidaṁ kathinanti.
“the robe-making ceremony” is the grouping and coming together of just those things—their name, appellation, label, terminology, wording, designation.

Kathinassa atthāramāso jānitabboti
The month of the robe-making ceremony is to be known:

vassānassa pacchimo māso jānitabbo.
the last month of the rainy season.

Kathinassa atthāravipatti jānitabbāti
Failure of the robe-making ceremony is to be known:

catuvīsatiyā ākārehi kathinassa atthāravipatti jānitabbā.
the robe-making ceremony fails in twenty-four ways.

Kathinassa atthārasampatti jānitabbāti
Success of the robe-making ceremony is to be known:

sattarasahi ākārehi kathinassa atthārasampatti jānitabbā.
The robe-making ceremony is successful through seventeen aspects.

Nimittakammaṁ jānitabbanti
The giving of an indication is to be known:

nimittaṁ karoti iminā dussena kathinaṁ attharissāmīti.
one makes an indication, thinking, “I’ll perform the robe-making ceremony with this cloth.”

Parikathā jānitabbāti
A hint is to be known:

parikathaṁ karoti imāya parikathāya kathinadussaṁ nibbattessāmīti.
one gives a hint, thinking, “With this hint, I’ll make a cloth for the robe-making ceremony appear.”

Kukkukataṁ jānitabbanti
Borrowing is to be known:

anādiyadānaṁ jānitabbaṁ.
a gift not to be taken as one’s own.

Sannidhi jānitabbāti
Storing is to be known:

dve sannidhiyo jānitabbā—karaṇasannidhi vā nicayasannidhi vā.
there are two kinds of storing: for the purpose of making and for the purpose of accumulation.

Nissaggiyaṁ jānitabbanti
Relinquishment is to be known:

kariyamāne aruṇaṁ uṭṭhahati.
dawn arrives while it is being made.

Kathinatthāro jānitabboti
Participation in the robe-making ceremony is to be known:

sace saṅghassa kathinadussaṁ uppannaṁ hoti, saṅghena kathaṁ paṭipajjitabbaṁ, atthārakena kathaṁ paṭipajjitabbaṁ, anumodakena kathaṁ paṭipajjitabbaṁ.
If cloth has been given to the Sangha for the robe-making ceremony, how should the Sangha proceed? How should the one who performs the robe-making ceremony proceed? How should one who expresses their appreciation proceed?

Saṅghena ñattidutiyena kammena kathinatthārakassa bhikkhuno dātabbaṁ, tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā tadaheva dhovitvā vimajjitvā vicāretvā chinditvā sibbetvā rajitvā kappaṁ katvā kathinaṁ attharitabbaṁ.
The Sangha should give the cloth, through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, to the monk who is performing the robe-making ceremony. The monk who is performing the robe-making ceremony should wash the cloth, iron it, plan it, cut it, sew it, dye it, mark it, and then perform the robe-making ceremony.

Sace saṅghāṭiyā kathinaṁ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇikā saṅghāṭi paccuddharitabbā, navā saṅghāṭi adhiṭṭhātabbā.
If he wishes to perform the robe-making ceremony with an outer robe, he should relinquish his old outer robe and then determine the new one.

Imāya saṅghāṭiyā kathinaṁ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā.
He should then say, “I perform the robe-making ceremony with this outer robe.”

Sace uttarāsaṅgena kathinaṁ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇako uttarāsaṅgo paccuddharitabbo, navo uttarāsaṅgo adhiṭṭhātabbo.
If he wishes to perform the robe-making ceremony with an upper robe, he should relinquish his old upper robe and then determine the new one.

Iminā uttarāsaṅgena kathinaṁ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā.
He should then say, “I perform the robe-making ceremony with this upper robe.”

Sace antaravāsakena kathinaṁ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇako antaravāsako paccuddharitabbo, navo antaravāsako adhiṭṭhātabbo.
If he wishes to perform the robe-making ceremony with a sarong, he should relinquish his old sarong and then determine the new one.

Iminā antaravāsakena kathinaṁ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā.
He should then say, “I perform the robe-making ceremony with this sarong.”

Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
After approaching the Sangha, that monk who is performing the robe-making ceremony should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and say:

“atthataṁ, bhante, saṅghassa kathinaṁ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodathā”ti.
“Venerable Sirs, the Sangha’s robe-making ceremony has been performed. The robe-making ceremony is legitimate. Please express your appreciation.”

Tehi anumodakehi bhikkhūhi ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
The monks who are expressing their appreciation should arrange their upper robes over one shoulder, raise their joined palms, and say:

“atthataṁ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṁ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāmā”ti.
“The Sangha’s robe-making ceremony has been performed. The robe-making ceremony is legitimate. We express our appreciation.”

Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā—
Or: after approaching several monks, that monk who is performing the robe-making ceremony should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and say:

“atthataṁ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṁ, dhammiko kathinatthāro anumodāmā”ti.
“The Sangha’s robe-making ceremony has been performed. The robe-making ceremony is legitimate. We express our appreciation.”

Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
Or: after approaching a single monk, that monk who is performing the robe-making ceremony should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and say:

“atthataṁ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṁ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāhī”ti.
“The Sangha’s robe-making ceremony has been performed. The robe-making ceremony is legitimate. Please express your appreciation.”

Tena anumodakena bhikkhunā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
The monk who is expressing his appreciation should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and say:

“atthataṁ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṁ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāmī”ti.
“The Sangha’s robe-making ceremony has been performed. The robe-making ceremony is legitimate. I express my appreciation.”

5. Puggalassevakathinatthāra
5. The robe-making ceremony for an individual

Saṅgho kathinaṁ attharati, gaṇo kathinaṁ attharati, puggalo kathinaṁ attharatīti?
“Does the Sangha perform the robe-making ceremony; does a group perform the robe-making ceremony; does an individual perform the robe-making ceremony?”

Na saṅgho kathinaṁ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṁ attharati, puggalo kathinaṁ attharatīti.
“The Sangha does not perform the robe-making ceremony, nor does a group, but an individual does.”

Hañci na saṅgho kathinaṁ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṁ attharati, puggalo kathinaṁ attharati.
If the Sangha does not perform the robe-making ceremony, nor a group, but an individual does, then,

Saṅghassa anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, gaṇassa anatthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, puggalassa atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ.
the Sangha has not performed the robe-making ceremony, nor has the community, but an individual has.

Saṅgho pātimokkhaṁ uddisati gaṇo pātimokkhaṁ uddisati puggalo pātimokkhaṁ uddisatīti?
“Does the Sangha recite the Monastic Code; does a group recite the Monastic Code; does an individual recites the Monastic Code?”

Na saṅgho pātimokkhaṁ uddisati, na gaṇo pātimokkhaṁ uddisati, puggalo pātimokkhaṁ uddisatīti.
“The Sangha does not recite the Monastic Code, nor does a group, but an individual does.”

Hañci na saṅgho pātimokkhaṁ uddisati, na gaṇo pātimokkhaṁ uddisati, puggalo pātimokkhaṁ uddisati.
If the Sangha does not recite the Monastic Code, nor a group, but an individual does, then,

Saṅghassa anuddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ, gaṇassa anuddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ, puggalassa uddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ.
the Sangha has not recited the Monastic Code, nor has the community, but an individual has.

Saṅghassa sāmaggiyā gaṇassa sāmaggiyā puggalassa uddesā saṅghassa uddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ, gaṇassa uddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ, puggalassa uddiṭṭhaṁ hoti pātimokkhaṁ.
“Yet when an individual recites to unite the Sangha, to unite the community, then the Monastic Code has been recited by the Sangha, by the community, and by the individual.

Evameva na saṅgho kathinaṁ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṁ attharati, puggalo kathinaṁ attharati.
It is in this way that the Sangha does not perform the robe-making ceremony, nor does a group, but an individual does.

Saṅghassa anumodanāya gaṇassa anumodanāya puggalassa atthārā saṅghassa atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, gaṇassa atthataṁ hoti kathinaṁ, puggalassa atthataṁ hoti kathinanti.
Yet when an individual performs the robe-making ceremony, and the Sangha expresses its appreciation, the community expresses its appreciation, then the robe-making ceremony has been performed by the Sangha, by the community, and by the individual.”

6. Palibodhapañhābyākaraṇa
6. Questions and answers regarding the obstacles

Pakkamanantiko kathinuddhāro,
“The robe season ends when one departs from the monastery.