vinaya » pli-tv-bu-vb » pli-tv-bu-vb-np » Theravāda Vinaya

19. Rūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpada

The training rule on trades involving money

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjanti.
At that time the monks from the group of six engaged in various kinds of trades involving money.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
People complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino”ti.
“How can the Sakyan monastics engage in trades that involve money? They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissantī”ti.
“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”

Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned those monks:

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjathā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk engages in various kinds of trades involving money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Nānappakārakaṁ nāma
Various kinds:

katampi akatampi katākatampi.
what is shaped, what is not shaped, and what is both shaped and not shaped.

Kataṁ nāma
What is shaped:

sīsūpagaṁ gīvūpagaṁ hatthūpagaṁ pādūpagaṁ kaṭūpagaṁ.
what is meant for the head, what is meant for the neck, what is meant for the hands, what is meant for the feet, what is meant for the waist.

Akataṁ nāma
What is not shaped:

ghanakataṁ vuccati.
what is shaped in a lump is what is meant.

Katākataṁ nāma
What is both shaped and not shaped:

tadubhayaṁ.
both of them.

Rūpiyaṁ nāma
Money:

satthuvaṇṇo kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, dārumāsako, jatumāsako ye vohāraṁ gacchanti.
a golden <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> coin, a copper <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin, a wooden <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin, a resin <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i> coin—whatever is used in commerce.

Samāpajjeyyāti
Engages:

katena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Katena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Katena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Akatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Akatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Akatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Katākatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Katākatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Katākatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṁ.
It should be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ.
“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this.

Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say,

“ahaṁ, bhante, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjiṁ.
‘Venerables, I have engaged in various kinds of trades involving money.

Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ.
This is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to the Sangha.’”

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he is to confess the offense.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.
The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

Sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo—
If a monastery worker or a lay follower is available, you should tell him,

“āvuso, imaṁ jānāhī”ti.
“Look into this.”

Sace so bhaṇati—
If he says,

“iminā kiṁ āhariyyatū”ti,
“What can I get you with this?”

na vattabbo—
one should not say,

“imaṁ vā imaṁ vā āharā”ti.
“Get this or that;”

Kappiyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—
one should point out what is allowable:

sappi vā telaṁ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṁ vā.
ghee, oil, honey, or syrup.

Sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṁ āharati, rūpiyacetāpakaṁ ṭhapetvā, sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṁ.
If he makes a purchase and brings back what is allowable, everyone may enjoy it except the one who did the exchange involving money.

Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;
If this is what happens, all is well.

no ce labhetha, so vattabbo—
If not, he should be told,

“āvuso, imaṁ chaḍḍehī”ti.
“Discard this.”

Sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;
If he discards it, all is well.

no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo—
If he does not, a monk who has five qualities should be appointed as the money discarder:

yo na chandāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṁ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya.
one who is not biased by desire, ill will, confusion, or fear, and who knows what has and has not been discarded.

“Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo.
“And, monks, this is how he should be appointed.

Paṭhamaṁ bhikkhu yācitabbo.
First the monk should be asked

Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha:

‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
‘Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammanneyya.
If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as the money discarder.

Esā ñatti.
This is the motion.

Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammannati.
The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as the money discarder.

Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa;
Any monk who agrees to appointing monk so-and-so as the money discarder should remain silent.

yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Any monk who doesn’t agree should speak up.

Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako.
The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as the money discarder.

Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī,
The Sangha approves and is therefore silent.

evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.
I’ll remember it thus.’”

Tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṁ katvā pātetabbaṁ.
The appointed monk should throw it away without taking note of where.

Sace nimittaṁ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he takes note of where he throws it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is money, and he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is money, but he does not perceive it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Arūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, but he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Rūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.
The training rule on trades involving money, the ninth, is finished.