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21. Pattasikkhāpada

The training rule on almsbowls

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bahū patte sannicayaṁ karonti.
the monks from the group of six were storing up many almsbowls.

Manussā vihāracārikaṁ āhiṇḍantā passitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
When people walking about dwellings saw this, they complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bahū patte sannicayaṁ karissanti,
“How can the Sakyan monastics store up many bowls?

pattavāṇijjaṁ vā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā karissanti āmattikāpaṇaṁ vā pasāressantī”ti.
Are they starting up as bowl merchants or setting up a bowl shop?”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atirekapattaṁ dhāressantī”ti.
“How can the monks from the group of six keep extra bowls?”

Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, atirekapattaṁ dhārethā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, atirekapattaṁ dhāressatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu atirekapattaṁ dhāreyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk keeps an extra almsbowl, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa atirekapatto uppanno hoti.
Soon afterwards Venerable Ānanda received an extra bowl.

Āyasmā ca ānando taṁ pattaṁ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo hoti.
He wanted to give it to Venerable Sāriputta,

Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati.
who was staying at Sāketa.

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi—
Knowing that the Buddha had laid down a rule against keeping an extra bowl,

“bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ—

‘na atirekapatto dhāretabbo’ti.

Ayañca me atirekapatto uppanno.

Ahañcimaṁ pattaṁ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo.

Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati.

Kathaṁ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti?
Venerable Ānanda thought, “What should I do now?”

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
He told the Buddha, who said,

“Kīvaciraṁ panānanda, sāriputto āgacchissatī”ti?
“How long is it, Ānanda, before Sāriputta returns?”

“Navamaṁ vā, bhagavā, divasaṁ dasamaṁ vā”ti.
“Nine or ten days, Venerable Sir.”

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dasāhaparamaṁ atirekapattaṁ dhāretuṁ.
“Monks, you should keep an extra almsbowl for ten days at the most.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Dasāhaparamaṁ atirekapatto dhāretabbo. Taṁ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.
‘A monk should keep an extra almsbowl for ten days at the most. If he keeps it longer than that, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

Dasāhaparamanti
For ten days at the most:

dasāhaparamatā dhāretabbo.
it should be kept ten days at a maximum.

Atirekapatto nāma
An extra almsbowl:

anadhiṭṭhito avikappito.
a bowl that is not determined, nor assigned to another.

Patto nāma
An almsbowl:

dve pattā ayopatto mattikāpattoti.
there are two kinds of bowls: the iron bowl and the clay bowl.

Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā ukkaṭṭho patto majjhimo patto omako patto.
And there are three sizes of bowls: the large bowl, the medium bowl, and the small bowl.

Ukkaṭṭho nāma patto aḍḍhāḷhakodanaṁ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṁ khādanaṁ tadupiyaṁ byañjanaṁ.
The large bowl: it takes half an <i lang='pi' translate='no'>āḷhaka</i> measure of boiled rice, a fourth part of fresh food, and a suitable amount of curry.

Majjhimo nāma patto nāḷikodanaṁ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṁ khādanaṁ tadupiyaṁ byañjanaṁ.
The medium bowl: it takes a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>nāḷika</i> measure of boiled rice, a fourth part of fresh food, and a suitable amount of curry.

Omako nāma patto patthodanaṁ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṁ khādanaṁ tadupiyaṁ byañjanaṁ.
The small bowl: it takes a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pattha</i> measure of boiled rice, a fourth part of fresh food, and a suitable amount of curry.

Tato ukkaṭṭho apatto, omako apatto.
Anything larger than this is not a bowl, nor anything smaller.

Taṁ atikkāmayato nissaggiyo hotīti
If he keeps it longer than that, it becomes subject to relinquishment:

ekādase aruṇuggamane nissaggiyo hoti.
it becomes subject to relinquishment at dawn on the eleventh day.

Nissajjitabbo saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā.
The bowl should be relinquished to a sangha, a group, or an individual.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbo.
“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this.

Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say,

“ayaṁ me, bhante, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo.
‘Venerables, this almsbowl, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to the Sangha.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā,
The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo—
The relinquished bowl is then to be given back:

“Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
‘Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Ayaṁ patto itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyo saṅghassa nissaṭṭho.
This almsbowl, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to the Sangha.

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho imaṁ pattaṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā”ti.
If the Sangha is ready, it should give this bowl back to monk so-and-so.’

Tena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā—
Or: after approaching several monks, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

“ayaṁ me, bhante, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo.
‘Venerables, this almsbowl, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ āyasmantānaṁ nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to you.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā,
The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo—
The relinquished bowl is then to be given back:

“Suṇantu me āyasmantā.
‘Please, I ask the venerables to listen to me.

Ayaṁ patto itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyo āyasmantānaṁ nissaṭṭho.
This almsbowl, which was to be relinquished by monk so-and-so, has been relinquished to you.

Yadāyasmantānaṁ pattakallaṁ, āyasmantā imaṁ pattaṁ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyun”ti.
If the Venerables are ready, you should give this bowl back to monk so-and-so.’

Tena bhikkhunā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—
Or: after approaching a single monk, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say:

“ayaṁ me, āvuso, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo.
‘This almsbowl, which I have kept over ten days, is to be relinquished.

Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmī”ti.
I relinquish it to you.’

Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.
After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense.

Tena bhikkhunā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā,
The confession should be received by that monk.

nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo—
The relinquished bowl is then to be given back:

“imaṁ pattaṁ āyasmato dammī”ti.
‘I give this almsbowl back to you.’”

Dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days and he perceives it as more, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Dasāhātikkante vematiko, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it is more than ten days, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been determined, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avikappite vikappitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been assigned to another, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avissajjite vissajjitasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been given away, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been lost, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been destroyed, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Abhinne bhinnasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been broken, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
If it has not been stolen, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Nissaggiyaṁ pattaṁ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he uses an almsbowl that should be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than ten days, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is less than ten days, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Dasāhānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is less than ten days and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

antodasāhaṁ adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, bhijjati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṁ gaṇhanti,
if, within ten days, it has been determined, assigned to another, given away, lost, destroyed, broken, stolen, or taken on trust;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissaṭṭhapattaṁ na denti.
Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six did not give back a relinquished bowl.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They told the Buddha.

“Na, bhikkhave, nissaṭṭhapatto na dātabbo. Yo na dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.
“Monks, a relinquished almsbowl should be given back. If you don’t give it back, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

Pattasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.
The training rule on almsbowls, the first, is finished.