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10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada

The training rule on digging the earth

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṁ viharati aggāḷave cetiye.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Āḷavī at the Aggāḷava Shrine,

Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā pathaviṁ khaṇantipi khaṇāpentipi.
the monks there were doing building work. And they dug the earth and had it dug.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
People complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipi.
“How can the Sakyan monastics dig the earth and have it dug?

Ekindriyaṁ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṁ viheṭhentī”ti.
They are hurting one-sensed life.”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū pathaviṁ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipī”ti …pe…
“How can those monks at Āḷavī dig the earth and have it dug?” …

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pathaviṁ khaṇathapi khaṇāpethapī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pathaviṁ khaṇissathapi khaṇāpessathapi.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā pathaviyā.
People regard the earth as conscious.

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṁ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk digs the earth or has it dug, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Pathavī nāma
The earth:

dve pathaviyo— jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.
there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth.

Jātā nāma pathavī—
Productive earth:

suddhapaṁsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṁsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā.
pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay.

Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī.
If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”.

Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.
A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”.

Ajātā nāma pathavī—
Unproductive earth:

suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṁsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā.
just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand.

Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”.

Yopi paṁsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṁ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”.

Khaṇeyyāti
Digs:

sayaṁ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Khaṇāpeyyāti
Has dug:

aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Sakiṁ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession.

Pathaviyā pathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is earth, and he perceives it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Pathaviyā vematiko khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is earth, but he is unsure of it, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Pathaviyā apathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, anāpatti.
If it is earth, but he does not perceive it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, there is no offense.

Apathaviyā pathavisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not earth, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Apathaviyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is not earth, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Apathaviyā apathavisaññī, anāpatti.
If it is not earth, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

“imaṁ jāna, imaṁ dehi, imaṁ āhara, iminā attho, imaṁ kappiyaṁ karohī”ti bhaṇati,
if he says, “Consider this,” “Give this,” “Bring this,” “There’s need for this,” “Make this allowable;”

asañcicca,
if it is unintentional;

asatiyā,
if he is not mindful;

ajānantassa,
if he does not know;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
The training rule on digging the earth, the tenth, is finished.

Musāvādavaggo paṭhamo.
The first subchapter on lying is finished.

Tassuddānaṁ
This is the summary:

Musā omasapesuññaṁ,
“Falsely, abusive, and malicious talebearing,

padaseyyāya ve duve;
Memorizing, and two on beds;

Aññatra viññunā bhūtā,
Except with one who understands, true,

duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.
Grave offense, digging.”