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57. Nahānasikkhāpada

The training rule on bathing

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary,

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū tapode nahāyanti.
the monks were bathing in the hot springs.

Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro “sīsaṁ nahāyissāmī”ti tapodaṁ gantvā—
Just then King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha went to the hot springs, intending to wash his hair.

“yāvāyyā nahāyantī”ti ekamantaṁ paṭimānesi. Bhikkhū yāva samandhakārā nahāyiṁsu.
He waited respectfully for the monks to finish, but they kept on bathing until dark.

Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro vikāle sīsaṁ nahāyitvā, nagaradvāre thakite bahinagare vasitvā, kālasseva asambhinnena vilepanena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami;
Only then was King Bimbisāra able to wash his hair. And because the town gates had been shut, he had to spend the night outside the city. In the morning, with his make-up still on,

upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.
he went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down.

Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho rājānaṁ māgadhaṁ seniyaṁ bimbisāraṁ bhagavā etadavoca—“kissa tvaṁ, mahārāja, kālasseva āgato asambhinnena vilepanenā”ti?
The Buddha said to him, “Great king, why have you come so early in the morning, with your make-up still on?”

Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
The King told him what had happened.

Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṁ māgadhaṁ seniyaṁ bimbisāraṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṁsesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṁsito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi.
The Buddha then instructed, inspired, and gladdened him with a teaching, after which the King got up from his seat, bowed down, circumambulated the Buddha with his right side toward him, and left.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū rājānampi passitvā na mattaṁ jānitvā nahāyantī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that monks bathed without moderation, even after seeing the King?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā rājānampi passitvā na mattaṁ jānitvā nahāyissanti.
“How could those foolish men act in this way?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, sedagatena gattena sayanti.
Soon afterwards, because they were afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not bathe when it was hot or when they had a fever, and they went to sleep covered in sweat.

Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati.
As a consequence, their robes and beds got dirty.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ.
“Monks, if it’s hot or you have a fever, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
This is the appropriate occasion: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti.
Soon afterwards some monks were sick.

Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—
The monks who were looking after them asked,

“kaccāvuso, khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyan”ti?
“I hope you’re bearing up? I hope you’re getting better?”

“Pubbe mayaṁ, āvuso, orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyāma, tena no phāsu hoti;
“Previously we bathed at intervals of less than a half-month, and then we were comfortable.

idāni pana ‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittan’ti kukkuccāyantā na nahāyāma, tena no na phāsu hotī”ti.
But now that the Buddha has prohibited this, we don’t bathe because we’re afraid of wrongdoing. Because of that we’re not comfortable.”

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ.
“Monks, I allow a sick monk to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū navakammaṁ katvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti.
Soon afterwards the monks were doing building work, but because they were afraid of wrongdoing they did not bathe.

Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati.
As a consequence, they went to sleep covered in sweat, and their robes and beds got dirty.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kammasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month when you’re working.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū addhānaṁ gantvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti.
Soon afterwards the monks were traveling, but because they were afraid of wrongdoing they did not bathe.

Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati.
As a consequence, they went to sleep covered in sweat, and their robes and beds got dirty.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, addhānagamanasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month when you’re traveling.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working; he is traveling.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṁ karontā sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti. Devo ca thokaṁ thokaṁ phusāyati.
Soon afterwards a number of monks were making robes out in the open, when they were hit by dusty winds and fine rain.

Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, kilinnena gattena sayanti.
But because they were afraid of wrongdoing, they did not bathe afterwards, and they went to sleep while still wet.

Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati.
As a consequence, their robes and beds got dirty.

Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They told the Buddha. …

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vātavuṭṭhisamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ.
“Monks, if there is wind and rain, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, vātavuṭṭhisamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working; he is traveling; there is wind and rain.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Orenaddhamāsanti
At intervals of less than a half-month:

ūnakaddhamāsaṁ.
after less than a half-month.

Nahāyeyyāti
Bathes:

cuṇṇena vā mattikāya vā nahāyati, payoge payoge dukkaṭaṁ.
if he bathes with bath powder or soap, then for every effort there is an act of wrong conduct.

Nahānapariyosāne, āpatti pācittiyassa.
When the bath is finished, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Aññatra samayāti
Except on an appropriate occasion:

ṭhapetvā samayaṁ.
unless it is an appropriate occasion.

Uṇhasamayo nāma
Summer:

diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānaṁ.
the last month-and-a-half of summer.

Pariḷāhasamayo nāma
The fever season:

vassānassa paṭhamo māso “iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ.
the first month of the rainy season. During the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, he may bathe.

Gilānasamayo nāma
He is sick:

yassa vinā nahānena na phāsu hoti. Gilānasamayoti nahāyitabbaṁ.
he is not comfortable without bathing. If he is sick, he may bathe.

Kammasamayo nāma
He is working:

antamaso pariveṇampi sammaṭṭhaṁ hoti. “Kammasamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ.
even if he just sweeps the yard of a building. If he is working, he may bathe.

Addhānagamanasamayo nāma
He is traveling:

“addhayojanaṁ gacchissāmī”ti nahāyitabbaṁ, gacchantena nahāyitabbaṁ, gatena nahāyitabbaṁ.
if he intends to travel six kilometers, he may bathe; while traveling, he may bathe; after he has traveled, he may bathe.

Vātavuṭṭhisamayo nāma
There is wind and rain:

bhikkhū sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti, dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni kāye patitāni honti. “Vātavuṭṭhisamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ.
monks are hit by dusty winds, and two or three drops of rain fall on their bodies. If there is wind and rain, they may bathe.

Ūnakaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an interval of less than a half-month, and he perceives it as less, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Ūnakaddhamāse vematiko, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an interval of less than a half-month, but he is unsure of it, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Ūnakaddhamāse atirekasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is an interval of less than a half-month, but he perceives it as more, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Atirekaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is an interval of more than a half-month, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Atirekaddhamāse vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is an interval of more than a half-month, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Atirekaddhamāse atirekasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is an interval of more than a half-month, and he perceives it as more, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

samaye,
if it is an appropriate occasion;

addhamāsaṁ nahāyati,
if he bathes at intervals of a half-month;

atirekaddhamāsaṁ nahāyati,
if he bathes at intervals of more than a half-month;

pāraṁ gacchanto nahāyati,
if he bathes while crossing a body of water;

sabbapaccantimesu janapadesu,
if he is outside the central Ganges plain;

āpadāsu,
if there is an emergency;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Nahānasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ.
The training rule on bathing, the seventh is finished.