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59. Vikappanasikkhāpada

The training rule on assigning ownership to another

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhātuno saddhivihārikassa bhikkhuno sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjati.
At that time Venerable Upananda the Sakyan had assigned the ownership of a robe to a monk who was his brother’s student. He then used that robe without that monk having relinquished it.

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi—
That monk told the monks,

“ayaṁ, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto mayhaṁ cīvaraṁ sāmaṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjatī”ti.
“Venerable Upananda is using a robe that he had assigned to me, even though I haven’t relinquished it.”

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda,

“kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhikkhussa sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjissatī”ti …pe…
“How could Venerable Upananda use a robe he had assigned to a monk, without that monk first relinquishing it?” …

“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, bhikkhussa sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjasī”ti?
“Is it true, Upananda, that you did this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked him …

kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, bhikkhussa sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjissasi.
“Foolish man, how could you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā sikkhamānāya vā sāmaṇerassa vā sāmaṇeriyā vā sāmaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṁ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk himself assigns the ownership of a robe to a monk, to a nun, to a trainee nun, to a novice monk, or to a novice nun, and he then uses it without the other first relinquishing it, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Bhikkhussāti
To a monk:

aññassa bhikkhussa.
to another monk.

Bhikkhunī nāma
A nun:

ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
she has been given the full ordination by both Sanghas.

Sikkhamānā nāma
A trainee nun:

dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā.
one training for two years in the six rules.

Sāmaṇero nāma
A novice monk:

dasasikkhāpadiko.
a male training in the ten training rules.

Sāmaṇerī nāma
A novice nun:

dasasikkhāpadikā.
a female training in the ten training rules.

Sāmanti
Himself:

sayaṁ vikappetvā.
having himself done the assignment.

Cīvaraṁ nāma
A robe:

channaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ vikappanupagaṁ pacchimaṁ.
one of the six kinds of robe-cloth, but not smaller than what can be assigned to another.

Vikappanā nāma
Assigns the ownership of:

dve vikappanā— sammukhāvikappanā ca parammukhāvikappanā ca.
there are two kinds of assignment: assignment in the presence of and assignment in the absence of.

Sammukhāvikappanā nāma
Assignment in the presence of:

“imaṁ cīvaraṁ tuyhaṁ vikappemi itthannāmassa vā”ti.
one should say, “I assign this robe-cloth to you,” or “I assign this robe-cloth to so-and-so.”

Parammukhāvikappanā nāma
Assignment in the absence of:

“imaṁ cīvaraṁ vikappanatthāya tuyhaṁ dammī”ti.
one should say, “I give this robe-cloth to you for the purpose of assigning it.”

Tena vattabbo— “ko te mitto vā sandiṭṭho vā”ti?
The other should ask, “Who is your friend or companion?”

“Itthannāmo ca itthannāmo cā”ti.
One should reply, “So-and-so and so-and-so.”

Tena vattabbo— “ahaṁ tesaṁ dammi, tesaṁ santakaṁ paribhuñja vā vissajjehi vā yathāpaccayaṁ vā karohī”ti.
The other should say, “I give it to them. Please use their property, give it away, or do as you like with it.”

Appaccuddhāraṇaṁ nāma
Without it first being relinquished:

tassa vā adinnaṁ, tassa vā avissasanto paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if it is not given to him or he uses it without taking it on trust, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been relinquished, and he perceives that it has not, and he uses it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaccuddhāraṇe vematiko paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been relinquished, but he is unsure of it, and he uses it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Appaccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it has not been relinquished, but he perceives that it has, and he uses it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Adhiṭṭheti vā vissajjeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he determines it or gives it away, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Paccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it has been relinquished, but he perceives that it has not, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Paccuddhāraṇe vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it has been relinquished, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Paccuddhāraṇe paccuddhāraṇasaññī, anāpatti.
If it has been relinquished, and he perceives that it has, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

so vā deti,
if the other person gives it or he uses it after taking the other person’s property on trust;

tassa vā vissasanto paribhuñjati,

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Vikappanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.
The training rule on assigning ownership to another, the ninth, is finished.