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12. Dubbacasikkhāpada

The training rule on being difficult to correct

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṁ viharati ghositārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Kosambī in Ghosita’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo anācāraṁ ācarati.
Venerable Channa was misbehaving.

Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu—
The monks would tell him,

“māvuso channa, evarūpaṁ akāsi.
“Don’t do that;

Netaṁ kappatī”ti.
it’s not allowable,”

So evaṁ vadeti—
and he would reply,

“kiṁ nu kho nāma tumhe, āvuso, maṁ vattabbaṁ maññatha?
“Who are you to correct me?

Ahaṁ kho nāma tumhe vadeyyaṁ.
I should correct you!

Amhākaṁ buddho amhākaṁ dhammo
The Buddha is mine; the Teaching is mine.

amhākaṁ ayyaputtena dhammo abhisamito.
The Master realized the Truth because of me.

Seyyathāpi nāma mahāvāto vāyanto tiṇakaṭṭhapaṇṇasaṭaṁ ekato ussāreyya, seyyathā vā pana nadī pabbateyyā saṅkhasevālapaṇakaṁ ekato ussāreyya;
Just as grass, sticks, and fallen leaves are whirled up by a strong wind all at once, just as various water plants are whirled up by a mountain stream all at once,

evameva tumhe nānānāmā nānāgottā nānājaccā nānākulā pabbajitā ekato ussāritā.
so too have you–after going forth with various names, various families, various castes, various households–been lifted up all at once.

Kiṁ nu kho nāma tumhe, āvuso, maṁ vattabbaṁ maññatha?
So, who are you to correct me?

Ahaṁ kho nāma tumhe vadeyyaṁ.
I should correct you!

Amhākaṁ buddho amhākaṁ dhammo
The Buddha is mine; the Teaching is mine.

amhākaṁ ayyaputtena dhammo abhisamito”ti.
The Master realized the Truth because of me.”

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized him,

“kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karissatī”ti.
“How can Venerable Channa make himself incorrigible when he’s legitimately corrected by the monks?”

Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ channaṁ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
They rebuked Channa in many ways and then told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned Channa:

“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, channa, bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karosī”ti?
“Is it true, Channa, that you do this?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked him …

kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karissasi.
“Foolish man, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Bhikkhu paneva dubbacajātiko hoti uddesapariyāpannesu sikkhāpadesu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karoti—
‘If a monk is difficult to correct, and he makes himself incorrigible when legitimately corrected by the monks concerning the training rules that are recited, saying,

‘mā maṁ āyasmanto kiñci avacuttha kalyāṇaṁ vā pāpakaṁ vā, ahampāyasmante na kiñci vakkhāmi kalyāṇaṁ vā pāpakaṁ vā,
“Venerables, don’t say anything to me, either good or bad, and I won’t say anything to you, either good or bad.

viramathāyasmanto mama vacanāyā’ti,
Please refrain from correcting me,”

so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—
then the monks should correct him like this:

‘māyasmā attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ akāsi, vacanīyamevāyasmā attānaṁ karotu,
“Be easy to correct, Venerable, not incorrigible.

āyasmāpi bhikkhū vadetu sahadhammena, bhikkhūpi āyasmantaṁ vakkhanti sahadhammena.
And please give legitimate correction to the monks, and the monks will do the same to you.

Evaṁ saṁvaddhā hi tassa bhagavato parisā yadidaṁ aññamaññavacanena aññamaññavuṭṭhāpanenā’ti.
For it’s in this way that the Buddha’s community has grown, that is, through mutual correction and mutual clearing of offenses.”

Evañca so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsitabbo tassa paṭinissaggāya.
If that monk continues as before, the monks should press him up to three times to make him stop.

Yāvatatiyañce samanubhāsiyamāno taṁ paṭinissajjeyya, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;
If he then stops, all is well.

no ce paṭinissajjeyya, saṅghādiseso”ti.
If he does not stop, he commits an offense entailing suspension.’”

Bhikkhū paneva dubbacajātiko hotīti
If a monk is difficult to correct:

dubbaco hoti dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato akkhamo appadakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṁ.
if he is hard to correct, endowed with qualities that make him hard to correct, resistant, not receiving instructions respectfully.

Uddesapariyāpannesu sikkhāpadesūti
Concerning the training rules that are recited:

pātimokkhapariyāpannesu sikkhāpadesu.
concerning the training rules of the Monastic Code.

Bhikkhūhīti
The monks:

aññehi bhikkhūhi.
other monks.

Sahadhammikaṁ nāma
Legitimately:

yaṁ bhagavatā paññattaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ, etaṁ sahadhammikaṁ nāma.
the training rules laid down by the Buddha—this is called “legitimately”.

Tena vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karoti—
When corrected in regard to this, he makes himself incorrigible, saying,

“mā maṁ āyasmanto kiñci avacuttha kalyāṇaṁ vā pāpakaṁ vā, ahampāyasmante na kiñci vakkhāmi kalyāṇaṁ vā pāpakaṁ vā. Viramathāyasmanto mama vacanāyā”ti.
“Venerables, don’t say anything to me, either good or bad, and I won’t say anything to you, either good or bad. Please refrain from correcting me.”

So bhikkhūti
Him:

yo so dubbacajātiko bhikkhu.
the monk who is difficult to correct.

Bhikkhūhīti
The monks:

aññehi bhikkhūhi. Ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo—
other monks, those who see it or hear about it. They should correct him like this:

“māyasmā attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ akāsi.
“Be easy to correct, Venerable, not incorrigible.

Vacanīyameva āyasmā attānaṁ karotu.

Āyasmāpi bhikkhū vadetu sahadhammena, bhikkhūpi āyasmantaṁ vakkhanti sahadhammena.
And please give legitimate correction to the monks, and the monks will do the same to you.

Evaṁ saṁvaddhā hi tassa bhagavato parisā yadidaṁ aññamaññavacanena aññamaññavuṭṭhāpanenā”ti.
For it’s in this way that the Buddha’s community has grown, that is, through mutual correction and mutual clearing of offenses.”

Dutiyampi vattabbo.
And they should correct him a second

Tatiyampi vattabbo.
and a third time.

Sace paṭinissajjati, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;
If he stops, all is well.

no ce paṭinissajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he does not stop, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Sutvā na vadanti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If those who hear about it do not say anything, they commit an offense of wrong conduct.

So bhikkhu saṅghamajjhampi ākaḍḍhitvā vattabbo—
That monk, even if he has to be pulled into the Sangha, should be corrected like this:

“māyasmā attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ akāsi …pe…
“Be easy to correct, Venerable, not incorrigible. And please give legitimate correction to the monks, and the monks will do the same to you. For it’s in this way that the Buddha’s community has grown, that is, through mutual correction

aññamaññavuṭṭhāpanenā”ti.
and mutual clearing of offenses.”

Dutiyampi vattabbo.
They should correct him a second

Tatiyampi vattabbo.
and a third time.

Sace paṭinissajjati, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;
If he stops, all is well.

no ce paṭinissajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he does not stop, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

So bhikkhu samanubhāsitabbo.
Should press him:

“Evañca pana, bhikkhave, samanubhāsitabbo.
“And, monks, he should be pressed like this.

Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
A competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha:

‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
‘Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Ayaṁ itthannāmo bhikkhu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karoti.
The monk so-and-so makes himself incorrigible when legitimately corrected by the monks.

So taṁ vatthuṁ na paṭinissajjati.
And he keeps on doing it.

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ samanubhāseyya tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya.
If the Sangha is ready, it should press him to make him stop.

Esā ñatti.
This is the motion.

Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Ayaṁ itthannāmo bhikkhu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karoti.
The monk so-and-so makes himself incorrigible when legitimately corrected by the monks.

So taṁ vatthuṁ na paṭinissajjati.
And he keeps on doing it.

Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ samanubhāsati tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya.
The Sangha presses him to make him stop.

Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno samanubhāsanā tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya, so tuṇhassa;
Any monk who approves of pressing him to make him stop should remain silent.

yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.

Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…
For the second time I speak on this matter: …

tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi—
For the third time I speak on this matter:

suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
Please, Venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.

Ayaṁ itthannāmo bhikkhu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṁ vuccamāno attānaṁ avacanīyaṁ karoti.
The monk so-and-so makes himself incorrigible when legitimately corrected by the monks.

So taṁ vatthuṁ na paṭinissajjati.
And he keeps on doing it.

Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ samanubhāsati tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya.
The Sangha presses him to make him stop.

Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno samanubhāsanā tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya, so tuṇhassa;
Any monk who approves of pressing him to make him stop should remain silent.

yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.

Samanubhaṭṭho saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu tassa vatthussa paṭinissaggāya.
The Sangha has pressed monk so-and-so to make him stop.

Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī,
The Sangha approves and is therefore silent.

evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.
I’ll remember it thus.’”

Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ,
After the motion, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā,
After each of the first two announcements, he commits a serious offense.

kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti saṅghādisesassa.
When the last announcement is finished, he commits an offense entailing suspension.

Saṅghādisesaṁ ajjhāpajjantassa ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ, dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā paṭippassambhanti.
For one who commits the offense entailing suspension, the offense of wrong conduct and the serious offenses are annulled.

Saṅghādisesoti
He commits an offense entailing suspension:

…pe… tenapi vuccati “saṅghādiseso”ti.
… Therefore, too, it is called “an offense entailing suspension”.

Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī na paṭinissajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.
If it is a legitimate legal procedure, and he perceives it as such, but he does not stop, he commits an offense entailing suspension.

Dhammakamme vematiko na paṭinissajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.
If it is a legitimate legal procedure, but he is unsure of it, and he does not stop, he commits an offense entailing suspension.

Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī na paṭinissajjati, āpatti saṅghādisesassa.
If it is a legitimate legal procedure, but he perceives it as illegitimate, and he does not stop, he commits an offense entailing suspension.

Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, but he perceives it as legitimate, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is an illegitimate legal procedure, and he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

asamanubhāsantassa,
if he has not been pressed;

paṭinissajjantassa,
if he stops;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Dubbacasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dvādasamaṁ.
The training rule on being difficult to correct, the twelfth, is finished.