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4. Padasodhammasikkhāpada

The training rule on memorizing the Teaching

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū upāsake padaso dhammaṁ vācenti.
the monks from the group of six were instructing lay followers to memorize the Teaching.

Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharanti.
Those lay followers became disrespectful, undeferential, and rude toward the monks.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū upāsake padaso dhammaṁ vācessanti.
“How can the monks from the group of six instruct lay followers to memorize the Teaching?”

Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharantī”ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, upāsake padaso dhammaṁ vācetha;
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharantī”ti?

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, upāsake padaso dhammaṁ vācessatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?”

Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharanti.

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya pasannānaṁ vā bhiyyobhāvāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannaṁ padaso dhammaṁ vāceyya pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk instructs a person who is not fully ordained to memorize the Teaching, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Anupasampanno nāma
A person who is not fully ordained:

bhikkhuñca bhikkhuniñca ṭhapetvā avaseso anupasampanno nāma.
anyone except a fully ordained monk or a fully ordained nun.

Padaso nāma
To memorize:

padaṁ, anupadaṁ, anvakkharaṁ, anubyañjanaṁ.
a line, the next line, the next syllable, the next phrase.

Padaṁ nāma
A line:

ekato paṭṭhapetvā ekato osāpenti.
they start together and finish together.

Anupadaṁ nāma
The next line:

pāṭekkaṁ paṭṭhapetvā ekato osāpenti.
one of them starts, but they finish together.

Anvakkharaṁ nāma
The next syllable:

“rūpaṁ aniccan”ti vuccamāno, “run”ti opāteti.
when ‘<i lang='pi' translate='no'>Rūpaṁ aniccaṁ</i>’ is being said, he prompts him, saying, ‘<i lang='pi' translate='no'>rū</i>’.

Anubyañjanaṁ nāma
The next phrase:

“rūpaṁ aniccan”ti vuccamāno, “vedanā aniccā”ti saddaṁ nicchāreti.
when ‘<i lang='pi' translate='no'>Rūpaṁ aniccaṁ</i>,’ is being said, the other says, ‘<i lang='pi' translate='no'>Vedanā aniccā</i>.’

Yañca padaṁ, yañca anupadaṁ, yañca anvakkharaṁ, yañca anubyañjanaṁ—
And whatever line there is, whatever next line, whatever next syllable, whatever next phrase—

sabbametaṁ padaso nāma.
this is all called “to memorize”.

Dhammo nāma
The Teaching:

buddhabhāsito, sāvakabhāsito, isibhāsito, devatābhāsito, atthūpasañhito, dhammūpasañhito.
what has been spoken by the Buddha, what has been spoken by disciples, what has been spoken by sages, what has been spoken by gods, what is connected with what is beneficial, what is connected with the Teaching.

Vāceyyāti
Instructs:

padena vāceti, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he instructs by the line, then for every line he commits an offense entailing confession.

Akkharāya vāceti, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he instructs by the syllable, then for every syllable he commits an offense entailing confession.

Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī padaso dhammaṁ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If the person is not fully ordained, and the monk does not perceive them as such, and he instructs them to memorize the Teaching, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Anupasampanne vematiko padaso dhammaṁ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If the person is not fully ordained, but the monk is unsure of it, and he instructs them to memorize the Teaching, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī padaso dhammaṁ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If the person is not fully ordained, but the monk perceives them as such, and he instructs them to memorize the Teaching, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If the person is fully ordained, but the monk does not perceive them as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Upasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If the person is fully ordained, but the monk is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Upasampanne upasampannasaññī, anāpatti.
If the person is fully ordained, and the monk perceives them such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

ekato uddisāpento,
if the recitation is done together;

ekato sajjhāyaṁ karonto,
if they practice together;

yebhuyyena paguṇaṁ ganthaṁ bhaṇantaṁ opāteti,
if he prompts one who is speaking a mostly familiar text;

osārentaṁ opāteti,
if he prompts one who is reciting;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Padasodhammasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.
The training rule on memorizing the Teaching, the fourth, is finished.