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14. Senāsanasikkhāpada

The training rule on furniture

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery during winter,

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū hemantike kāle ajjhokāse senāsanaṁ paññapetvā kāyaṁ otāpentā kāle ārocite taṁ pakkamantā neva uddhariṁsu na uddharāpesuṁ, anāpucchā pakkamiṁsu.
the monks put furniture outside in order to warm themselves in the sun. But when the time for departure was announced, they departed without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone.

Senāsanaṁ ovaṭṭhaṁ hoti.
The furniture was rained on.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathaṁ hi nāma bhikkhū ajjhokāse senāsanaṁ paññapetvā taṁ pakkamantā neva uddharissanti na uddharāpessanti, anāpucchā pakkamissanti, senāsanaṁ ovaṭṭhan”ti.
“How could those monks put furniture outside and then depart without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone? The furniture was rained on.”

Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū ajjhokāse …pe…
“Is it true, monks, that you did this?” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghikaṁ mañcaṁ vā pīṭhaṁ vā bhisiṁ vā kocchaṁ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk takes a bed, a bench, a mattress, or a stool belonging to the Sangha and puts it outside or has it put outside, and he then departs without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū ajjhokāse vasitvā kālasseva senāsanaṁ abhiharanti.
Soon afterwards, monks who had stayed outside brought the furniture back even though it was not the rainy season.

Addasā kho bhagavā te bhikkhū kālasseva senāsanaṁ abhiharante.
The Buddha saw this.

Disvāna etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
After giving a teaching, he addressed the monks:

“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, aṭṭha māse avassikasaṅkete maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā yattha kākā vā kulalā vā na ūhadanti tattha senāsanaṁ nikkhipitun”ti.
“Monks, during the eight months outside of the rainy season, I allow you to store furniture under a roof cover or at the foot of a tree or wherever crows or ravens don’t leave droppings.”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
…The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Saṅghikaṁ nāma
Belonging to the Sangha:

saṅghassa dinnaṁ hoti pariccattaṁ.
given to the Sangha, given up to the Sangha.

Mañco nāma
A bed:

cattāro mañcā—
there are four kinds of beds:

masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādako.
one with legs and frame, called <i lang='pi' translate='no'>masāraka</i>; one with legs and frame, called <i lang='pi' translate='no'>bundikābaddha</i>; one with crooked legs; one with detachable legs.

Pīṭhaṁ nāma
A bench:

cattāri pīṭhāni— masārakaṁ, bundikābaddhaṁ, kuḷīrapādakaṁ, āhaccapādakaṁ.
there are four kinds of benches: one with legs and frame, called <i lang='pi' translate='no'>masāraka</i>; one with legs and frame, called <i lang='pi' translate='no'>bundikābaddha</i>; one with crooked legs; one with detachable legs.

Bhisi nāma
A mattress:

pañca bhisiyo— uṇṇabhisi, coḷabhisi, vākabhisi, tiṇabhisi, paṇṇabhisi.
there are five kinds of mattresses: a mattress stuffed with wool, a mattress stuffed with cloth, a mattress stuffed with bark, a mattress stuffed with grass, a mattress stuffed with leaves.

Kocchaṁ nāma—
A stool:

vākamayaṁ vā usīramayaṁ vā muñjamayaṁ vā pabbajamayaṁ vā anto saṁveṭhetvā baddhaṁ hoti.
one made of bark, one made of Vetiver grass, one made of reed. It is upholstered and then bound together.

Santharitvāti
Puts outside:

sayaṁ santharitvā.
puts outside oneself.

Santharāpetvāti
Has put outside:

aññaṁ santharāpetvā.
gets another to put outside.

Anupasampannaṁ santharāpeti, tassa palibodho.
If he gets one who is not fully ordained to put it outside, it is the responsibility of the monk.

Upasampannaṁ santharāpeti, santhārakassa palibodho.
If he gets one who is fully ordained to put it outside, it is the responsibility of the one who puts it outside.

Taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyyāti
Departs without putting it away:

na sayaṁ uddhareyya.
he does not put it away himself.

Na uddharāpeyyāti
Having it put away:

na aññaṁ uddharāpeyya.
he does not get another to put it away.

Anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyyāti
Or informing anyone:

bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā ārāmikaṁ vā anāpucchā majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupātaṁ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he does not inform a monk, a novice monk, or a monastery worker, then when he goes beyond the distance of a stone-throw of an average man, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it belongs to the Sangha, and he perceives it as such, and he puts it outside or has it put outside, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Saṅghike vematiko …pe…
If it belongs to the Sangha, but he is unsure of it …

saṅghike puggalikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it belongs to the Sangha, but he perceives it as belonging to an individual, and he puts it outside or has it put outside, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Cimilikaṁ vā uttarattharaṇaṁ vā bhūmattharaṇaṁ vā taṭṭikaṁ vā cammakhaṇḍaṁ vā pādapuñchaniṁ vā phalakapīṭhaṁ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is a mat underlay, a bedspread, a floor cover, a straw mat, a hide, a foot-wiping cloth, or a wooden bench, and he puts it outside or has it put outside, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it belongs to an individual, but he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it belongs to an individual, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it belongs to an individual, and he perceives it as such, but that individual is not himself, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Attano puggalike anāpatti.
If it belongs to himself, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

uddharitvā gacchati,
if he departs after putting it away;

uddharāpetvā gacchati,
if he departs after having it put away;

āpucchaṁ gacchati,
if he departs after informing someone;

otāpento gacchati,
if he departs while he is sunning it;

kenaci palibuddhaṁ hoti,
if the furniture is obstructed;

āpadāsu,
if there is an emergency;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Senāsanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.
The training rule on furniture, the fourth, is finished.