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70. Kaṇṭakasikkhāpada

The training rule on Kaṇṭaka

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

Tena kho pana samayena kaṇṭakassa nāma samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti—
At that time the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had the following bad and erroneous view:

“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.
“As I understand the teachings of the Buddha, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

Assosuṁ kho sambahulā bhikkhū kaṇṭakassa nāma kira samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—
A number of monks heard that the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had that view.

“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū yena kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etadavocuṁ—
They went to see him and asked,

“saccaṁ kira te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—
“Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”

‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti?

“Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.
“Yes, indeed. As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

“Mā, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.
“No, Kaṇṭaka, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent him. The Buddha would never say such a thing.

Anekapariyāyenāvuso kaṇṭaka, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya.
The Buddha has given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.

Appassādā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo …pe…
The Buddha has said that the enjoyment provided by worldly pleasures is small, whereas the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater. …”

evampi kho kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tehi bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva taṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati—
But even though the monks corrected Kaṇṭaka like this, he stubbornly held on to that bad and erroneous view, and he continued to insist on it.

“evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.

Yato ca kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṁsu kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṁ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
Since those monks were unable to make him give up that view, they went to the Buddha and told him what had happened.

Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ paṭipucchi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the Kaṇṭaka:

“saccaṁ kira te, kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—
“Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”

‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti?

“Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.
“Yes indeed, Venerable Sir.”

“Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṁ dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāsi?
“Foolish man, who do you think I have taught like this?

Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya?
Haven’t I given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them?

Appassādā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo.
I have said that the enjoyment provided by worldly pleasures is small, whereas the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater.

Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā …pe…
I have said that worldly pleasures are similar to a skeleton …

sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo.
similar to a snake’s head; the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater.

Atha ca pana tvaṁ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi attānañca khaṇasi bahuñca apuññaṁ pasavasi.
And yet, foolish man, by misunderstanding you have misrepresented me, hurt yourself, and made much demerit.

Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya.
This will be for your long-lasting harm and suffering.

Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence,

pasannānañca ekaccānaṁ aññathattāyā”ti.
and cause some to lose it.”

Vigarahitvā …pe…
Having rebuked him …

dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

“tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsetu.
“Well then, monks, the Sangha should expel the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nāsetabbo—
And this is how he should be expelled:

‘ajjatagge te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.
‘From today, Kaṇṭaka, you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.

Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.
And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.

Cara pire vinassā’”ti.
Go! Away with you!’”

Atha kho saṅgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsesi.
The Sangha then expelled Kaṇṭaka.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpentipi upaṭṭhāpentipi sambhuñjantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappenti.
Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six befriended Kaṇṭaka, and they were attended on by him, lived with him, and shared a sleeping place with him. Yet they knew that he had been expelled.

Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessantipi upaṭṭhāpessantipi sambhuñjissantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessantī”ti …pe…
“How can the monks from the group of six befriend Kaṇṭaka, and be attended on by him, live with him, and share a sleeping place with him, even though they know that he has been expelled?” …

“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpethāpi upaṭṭhāpethāpi sambhuñjathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappethā”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.
“It’s true, Sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…
The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessathāpi upaṭṭhāpessathāpi sambhuñjissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessatha.
“Foolish men, how can you do this?

Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…
This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Samaṇuddesopi ce evaṁ vadeyya—
‘Also if a novice monastic says,

‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’ti,
“As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them,”

so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—
then the monks should correct him like this:

‘māvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca, mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ, na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.
“No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.

Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’ti.
In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.”

Evañca so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—
If that novice monastic continues as before, he should be told:

‘ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.
“From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.

Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.
And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.

Cara pire vinassā’ti.
Go! Away with you!”

Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpeyya vā upaṭṭhāpeyya vā sambhuñjeyya vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
If a monk befriends that novice monastic, or he is attended on by him, lives with him, or shares a sleeping place with him, even though he knows that he has been expelled in this way, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Samaṇuddeso nāma
A novice monastic:

sāmaṇero vuccati.
a novice monk is what is meant.

Evaṁ vadeyyāti—
Says:

“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.
“As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

So samaṇuddesoti
Him:

yo so evaṁvādī samaṇuddeso.
the novice monastic who speaks in that way.

Bhikkhūhīti
The monks:

aññehi bhikkhūhi, ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo— “mā, āvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.
other monks, those who see it or hear about it. They should correct him, “No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.

Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā”ti.
In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.”

Dutiyampi vattabbo …
And they should correct him a second time …

tatiyampi vattabbo …
And they should correct him a third time …

sace paṭinissajjati iccetaṁ kusalaṁ, no ce paṭinissajjati so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—
If he gives up that view, all is well. If he does not, he should be told:

“ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.
“From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.

Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.
And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.

Cara pire vinassā”ti.
Go! Away with you!”

Yo panāti
A:

yo yādiso …pe…
whoever …

bhikkhūti
Monk:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

Jānāti nāma
He knows:

sāmaṁ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
he knows by himself or others have told him or the offending novice monastic has told him.

Tathānāsitanti
Expelled in this way:

evaṁ nāsitaṁ.
expelled like this.

Samaṇuddeso nāma
Novice monastic:

sāmaṇero vuccati.
novice monk is what is meant.

Upalāpeyya vāti
Befriends:

tassa pattaṁ vā cīvaraṁ vā uddesaṁ vā paripucchaṁ vā dassāmīti upalāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he befriends him, saying, “I’ll give him a bowl,” “I’ll give him a robe,” “I’ll recite to him,” or “I’ll test him,” he commits an offense entailing confession.

Upaṭṭhāpeyya vāti
Is attended on by:

tassa cuṇṇaṁ vā mattikaṁ vā dantakaṭṭhaṁ vā mukhodakaṁ vā sādiyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he accepts bath powder, soap, a tooth cleaner, or water for rinsing the mouth from him, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Sambhuñjeyya vāti
Lives with:

sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā—
there are two types of living together:

āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca.
material living together and spiritual living together.

Āmisasambhogo nāma
Material living together:

āmisaṁ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he gives or receives material things, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Dhammasambhogo nāma
Spiritual living together:

uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa.
he recites or has the other recite. If he recites or has the other recite by the line, then for every line he commits an offense entailing confession.

Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he recites or has the other recite by the syllable, then for every syllable he commits an offense entailing confession.

Saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyyāti
Shares a sleeping place with:

ekacchanne nāsitake samaṇuddese nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
under the same ceiling: if the monk lies down when the expelled novice monastic is already lying down, he commits an offense entailing confession;

Bhikkhu nipanne nāsitako samaṇuddeso nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if the monk is already lying down when the expelled novice monastic lies down, he commits an offense entailing confession;

Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
if they both lie down together, he commits an offense entailing confession;

Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṁ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
every time they get up and then lie down again, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Nāsitake nāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If the novice monastic has been expelled, and he perceives him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Nāsitake vematiko upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he is unsure of it, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Nāsitake anāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, anāpatti.
If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he does not perceive him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, there is no offense.

Anāsitake nāsitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he perceives him such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anāsitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Anāsitake anāsitakasaññī, anāpatti.
If the novice monastic has not been expelled, and he does not perceive him as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti—
There is no offense:

anāsitakoti jānāti;
if he knows that he has not been expelled;

taṁ diṭṭhiṁ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti;
if he knows that he has given up that view;

ummattakassa,
if he is insane;

ādikammikassāti.
if he is the first offender.

Kaṇṭakasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
The training rule on Kaṇṭaka, the tenth, is finished.

Sappāṇakavaggo sattamo.
The seventh subchapter on containing living beings is finished.

Tassuddānaṁ
This is the summary:

Sañciccavadhasappāṇaṁ,
“Intentionally killing, containing living beings,

ukkoṭaṁ duṭṭhullachādanaṁ;
Agitation, concealing what is grave;

Ūnavīsati satthañca,
Less than twenty, and group of travelers,

saṁvidhānaṁ ariṭṭhakaṁ;
Arrangement, on Ariṭṭha;

Ukkhittaṁ kaṇṭakañceva,
Ejected, and Kaṇṭaka:

dasa sikkhāpadā imeti.
These ten training rules.”